Examples范例

How It Works如何运作

It is not clear how Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) works to treat bladder cancer.目前尚不清楚如何卡介苗（卡介苗）工程，以治疗膀胱癌。 It may stimulate an immune response or cause inflammation of the bladder wall that destroys cancer cells within the bladder.它可能会激发免疫反应或引起炎症的膀胱壁，破坏癌细胞膀胱内。 BCG has been used to treat stage 0 and I (superficial) cancer but is used most commonly to prevent the return (recurrence) of superficial bladder cancer.卡介苗已被用来治疗阶段0和我（浅）癌症，但使用最普遍，以防止返回（复发）浅表性膀胱癌。 It is most often used after cancer has been removed from the bladder using transurethral resection (TUR) surgery.这是最常用的癌症后，已删除使用膀胱尿道（切除）手术。

BCG is also used in some countries as a vaccine to provide protection against tuberculosis (TB).卡介苗还用于在一些国家作为疫苗提供保护，防止肺结核（ TB ） 。

BCG is given through a urinary catheter (intravesically) into the bladder.卡介苗是通过导尿管（ intravesically ）进入膀胱。

• Limit your fluid intake for 4 hours before the procedure so you will be able to hold the medication in your bladder during the treatment.限制您的液体摄入量为4个小时前的程序，使你将能够举行药品在您的膀胱期间的待遇。 Do not drink caffeinated drinks for 4 to 6 hours before and for 2 hours after the procedure.不要饮用含有咖啡因的饮料为4至6个小时前， 2小时后的程序。
• Empty your bladder immediately before the procedure.清空膀胱前夕程序。 A urinalysis is usually done at this time.阿尿液通常是在这个时候。
• BCG is given through a urinary catheter.卡介苗是通过导尿管。 You will be asked not to urinate for 2 hours and to change position every 15 to 20 minutes so the medication washes the entire bladder wall.您将被要求不要小便2小时，并改变立场每15至20分钟，以便药物冲洗整个膀胱壁。
• For 6 hours after treatment, wash your genital area after every urination to avoid skin irritation. 6小时治疗后，洗你的生殖器后，每一个领域排尿，以避免刺激皮肤。
• Burning or pain with urination, a sense of needing to urinate often, and urinating small amounts often are common effects after BCG treatment.焚烧或排尿疼痛，感觉需要小便频繁，以及少量排尿往往是常见的影响后，卡介苗治疗。

Why It Is Used为什么这是用

BCG is used following TUR surgery for superficial bladder cancer in people who are at medium or high risk for recurrence of cancer.卡介苗是用来切除手术后的浅表性膀胱癌的人谁是中等或高风险复发的癌症。 It can also be used following TUR surgery in people who cannot have a cystectomy procedure for bladder cancer, but its usefulness in these cases is limited.它也可用于下列切除手术的人谁可以没有一个程序的膀胱膀胱癌，但其效用在这种情况下是有限的。

How Well It Works以及它如何运作

BCG greatly reduces the chance that cancer will progress after TUR surgery for superficial bladder cancer. ¹卡介苗大大降低癌症的机会将取得进展后，手术切除浅表性膀胱癌。 ^一日

Side Effects副作用

Side effects from BCG are generally mild and may include: ²副作用卡介苗一般是温和的，可能包括^： 2

• Burning or pain with urination.燃烧或与排尿疼痛。
• Sense of needing to urinate often (urgency).意识的需要常常小便（紧急） 。
• Urinating small amounts often (frequency).少量小便常常（频率） 。
• Fatigue.疲劳。
• Joint aches.关节疼痛。
• Fever of less than 101 F.热不到101楼
• Skin rash.皮疹。
• Loss of appetite.食欲不振。
• Nausea or vomiting.恶心或呕吐。
• Inability to hold urine (incontinence).无法举行尿（尿失禁） 。

More severe side effects may include: ²更为严重的副作用可能包括^： 2

• Hepatitis.肝炎。
• Inflammation of the lung tissue (pneumonitis).炎症的肺组织（肺炎） 。
• For men, epididymitis or orchitis.对于男人，附睾炎或睾丸炎。
• Abscess.脓肿。
• Contraction of the bladder.收缩膀胱。
• Obstruction of the ureters.梗阻的输尿管。
• Allergic reaction to BCG.过敏性反应，卡介苗。
• Low white blood cell count (leukopenia).低白细胞计数（白细胞） 。
• Blood in the urine (hematuria).血液中的尿（血尿） 。
• Fever of 101 F or higher.发热101 F或更高。

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects.见药物参考的完整清单副作用。 (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.) （参考药物并不适用于所有系统。 ）

What To Think About什么思考

Research continues to determine the most effective strain of BCG and the best dosage schedule for the treatment of bladder cancer.继续研究，以确定最有效的应变卡介苗和最佳剂量时间表治疗膀胱癌。 Dosage schedules vary and are determined by your doctor.不同剂量的时间表，并确定了您的医生。

If you have major side effects from BCG treatment, you may need additional treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids.如果你有严重的副作用从卡介苗治疗，则可能需要额外的抗生素治疗和皮质类固醇。

Complete the new medication information form (PDF) 完成新药品信息表（ PDF格式） (What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication. （什么是PDF文件？ ）以帮助您了解此药。

Citations引文

1. Sylvester RJ, et al.西尔维斯特雷诺等。 (2004). （ 2004年） 。 Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Urology , 168 (5): 1964–1970.灌注卡介苗降低风险的进展患者的浅表性膀胱癌：一个荟萃分析结果的公布随机临床试验。 泌尿外科杂志 ， 168 （ 5 ） ： 64年至1970年。

2. Boyd LA (2003).博伊德洛杉矶（ 2003年） 。 Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treating bladder cancer. Urologic Nursing , 23(3): 189–199.灌注卡介苗治疗膀胱癌。 泌尿系统的护理 ， 23 （ 3 ） ： 189-199 。