Page 2 of 2第2页2 The Five Parts to an Asthma Treatment Plan这五个部分哮喘的治疗计划 Step 1 - Identifying and controlling asthma triggers 第1步-确定和控制哮喘的触发 Children with asthma have different sets of triggers.儿童哮喘有不同的诱因。 Triggers are the factors that irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms.触发的因素，刺激呼吸道，造成哮喘的症状。 Triggers can change seasonally and as a child grows older.触发器可以改变季节性和作为儿童成长老年人。 Some common triggers are allergens, viral infections, irritants, exercise, breathing cold air, and weather changes.一些常见的触发器的过敏原，病毒感染，刺激，运动，呼吸冷空气，天气的变化。 Identifying triggers and symptoms can take time.查明引发症状需要时间。 Keep a record of when symptoms occur and how long they last.记录时，症状出现多久了。 Once patterns are discovered, some of the triggers can be avoided through environmental control measures, which are steps to reduce exposure to a child's allergy triggers.一旦模式被发现，一些触发可避免通过环境控制措施，这是步骤，减少接触到儿童的过敏症诱因。 Talk with your doctor about starting with environmental control measures that will limit those allergens and irritants causing immediate problems for a child.跟你的医生开始对环境控制措施，将限制这些过敏原和刺激物造成眼前的问题儿童。 Remember that allergies develop over time with continued exposure to allergens, so a child's asthma triggers may change over time.请记住，过敏的发展在过去一段时间内继续接触过敏原，所以儿童的哮喘触发可能随时间而改变。 Others who provide care for your child, such as babysitters, daycare providers, or teachers must be informed and knowledgeable regarding your child's asthma treatment plan.还有谁照顾你的孩子，如保姆，日托提供者，或教师必须了解和熟悉有关您孩子的哮喘治疗计划。 Many schools have initiated programs for their staff to be educated about asthma and recognize severe asthma symptoms.许多学校已经开始计划他们的工作人员是受过教育的哮喘和承认重症哮喘的症状。 The following are suggested environmental control measures for different allergens and irritants:以下是建议的环境控制措施不同的过敏原和刺激物： - Indoor controls室内控制
- To control dust mites:要控制尘螨：
- Use only polyester-filled pillows and comforters (never feather or down).仅使用涤纶填充枕头和棉被（羽毛或不会下降） 。 Use mite-proof covers (available at allergy supply stores) over pillows and mattresses.使用螨防覆盖（可在过敏供应商店）的枕头和床垫。 Keep covers clean by vacuuming or wiping them down once a week.保持覆盖的吸尘清洁或擦拭下来，每星期一次。
- Wash your child's sheets and blankets once a week in very hot water (130 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) to kill dust mites.您的孩子洗的床单和被褥每周一次在炎热的水（ 130华氏度或更高） ，以杀死尘螨。
- Keep upholstered furniture, window mini-blinds, and carpeting out of a child's bedroom and playroom because they can collect dust and dust mites (especially carpets).请装饰的家具，窗户小百叶窗，和地毯的一个孩子的卧室和游戏，因为他们可以收集灰尘和尘螨（尤其是地毯） 。 Use washable throw rugs and curtains and wash them in hot water weekly.使用洗扔地毯和窗帘和清洗他们每周热水。 Vinyl window shades that can be wiped down can also be used.乙烯基窗帘，可抹去了还可以用来。
- Dust and vacuum weekly.粉尘和真空每周。 If possible, use a vacuum specially designed to collect and trap dust mites (with a HEPA filter).如果可能的话，使用一个专门设计的真空收集和陷阱尘螨（有HEPA过滤器） 。
- Reduce the number of dust-collecting houseplants, books, knickknacks, and nonwashable stuffed animals in your home.减少粉尘收集houseplants ，书籍，简便，并填充动物nonwashable在您的家中。
- Avoid humidifiers when possible because moist air promotes dust mite infestation.加湿器避免可能的时候，因为潮湿的空气促进尘螨侵扰。
- To control pollens and molds:为了控制花粉和模具：
- Avoid humidifiers because humidity promotes mold growth.避免加湿器，因为湿度促进霉菌生长。 If you must use a humidifier, keep it very clean to prevent mold from growing in the machine.如果您必须使用加湿器，保持很干净，以防止霉菌生长的机器。
- Ventilate bathrooms, basements, and other damp places where mold can grow.通风浴室，地下室，和其他潮湿的地方，霉菌可以增加。 Consider keeping a light on in closets and using a dehumidifier in basements to remove air moisture.考虑保持在轻壁橱和使用除湿机在地下室，消除空气湿度。
- Use air conditioning because it removes excess air moisture, filters out pollens from the outside, and provides air circulation throughout your home.使用空调，因为它消除过剩空气湿度，花粉过滤掉来自外部，并提供空气流通您的整个家庭。 Filters should be changed once a month.过滤器应改为每月一次。
- Avoid wallpaper and carpets in bathrooms because mold can grow under them.避免壁纸，地毯，浴室，因为模具可以根据他们成长。
- Use bleach to kill mold in bathrooms.使用漂白剂杀死霉菌在浴室。
- Keep windows and doors shut during pollen season.保持门窗关闭在花粉季节。
- To control irritants:为了控制刺激物：
- Do not smoke (or allow others to smoke) at home, even when a child is not present.不要吸烟（或允许他人烟雾）在家里，即使孩子是不存在。
- Do not burn wood fires in fireplaces or wood stoves.不要烧木材火灾壁炉或木柴灶。
- Avoid strong odors from paint, perfume, hair spray, disinfectants, chemical cleaners, air fresheners, and glues.避免强烈气味的油漆，香水，发胶，消毒剂，化学清洁剂，空气清新剂，并胶水。
- To control animal dander:为了控制动物皮屑：
- If your child is allergic to a pet, you may have to consider finding a new home for the animal or keeping the pet outside at all times.如果您的孩子是过敏的宠物，你可能要考虑寻找一个新的家庭的动物或宠物保持内外在任何时候都。
- It may (but does not always) help to wash the animal at least once a week to remove excess dander and collected pollens.这可能（但并不总是）帮助清洗动物每周至少一次以消除过剩的皮屑，并收集花粉。
- Never allow the pet into the allergic child's bedroom.决不允许宠物进入过敏孩子的卧室。
- If you don't already own a pet and a child has asthma, don't acquire one.如果您没有自己的宠物和儿童哮喘，不会获得一个。 Even if a child isn't allergic to the animal now, he or she can become allergic with continued exposure.即使孩子是不是过敏性的动物现在，他或她可以成为过敏继续暴露。
- Outdoor controls室外控制
- When mold or pollen counts are high, give your child medications recommended by your doctor (usually an antihistamine) before going outdoors.当模具或花粉高，给您的孩子治疗的建议你的医生（通常是一个抗组织胺） ，然后去户外。
- After playing outdoors, the child should bathe and change clothes.在户外玩，孩子要洗澡和改变的衣服。
- Drive with the car windows shut and air conditioning on during mold and pollen seasons.驱动器与关闭车窗和空调过程中霉菌和花粉季节。
- Don't let a child mow the grass or rake leaves.不要让孩子在草地割草，或耙树叶。
In some cases, the doctor may recommend immunotherapy when control measures and medications are not effective.在某些情况下，医生可能会建议治疗时的控制措施和药物治疗效果不理想。 Speak with your child's doctor about these options.与您的孩子的医生了解这些选项。 Step 2 - Anticipating and preventing asthma flares 第2步-预测和预防哮喘弹 Patients with asthma have chronic inflammation of their airways.哮喘患者有慢性炎症的航空公司。 Inflamed airways are twitchy and tend to narrow (constrict) whenever they are exposed to any trigger (such as infection or an allergen).呼吸道炎症的颠簸，而且往往以缩小（限制）时，接触到任何触发（如感染或过敏） 。 Some children with asthma may have increased inflammation in the lungs and airways everyday without knowing it.一些儿童哮喘可能增加炎症的肺和气管日常不知道它。 Their breathing may sound normal and wheeze-free when their airways are actually narrowing and becoming inflamed, making them prone to a flare.他们的呼吸声可能正常和哮无气道时，他们实际上是缩小，并成为发炎，使他们容易爆发。 To better assess a child's breathing and determine risk for an asthma attack (or flare), breathing tests may be helpful.为了更好地评估儿童的呼吸，并确定风险的哮喘发作（或照明） ，呼吸测试可能会有所帮助。 Breathing tests measure the volume and speed of air as it is exhaled from the lungs.呼吸测试测量数量和速度的空气，因为它是从呼出肺部。 Asthma specialists make several measurements with a spirometer, a computerized machine that takes detailed measurements of breathing ability.哮喘专家提出若干测量与呼吸，一个计算机化的机器，需要详细测量呼吸的能力。 At home, a peak flow meter (a hand-held tool that measures breathing ability) can be used to measure airflow.在家里，高峰流量计（手持工具，措施，呼吸能力）可以用来衡量气流。 When peak flow readings drop, airway inflammation may be increasing.当洪峰流量读数下降，气道炎症可能会增加。 The peak flow meter can detect even subtle airway inflammation and obstruction, even when your child feels fine.峰值流量计可以检测甚至微妙的气道炎症和梗阻，即使你的孩子感觉很好。 In some cases, it can detect drops in peak flow readings 2-3 days before a flare occurs, providing plenty of time to treat and prevent it.在某些情况下，它可以检测到下降洪峰流量读数2-3天前耀斑发生时，提供足够的时间来治疗和预防它。 Another way to know when a flare is brewing is to look for early warning signs.另一种方式知道什么时候爆发正在酝酿是寻找早期预警迹象。 These signs are little changes in a child that signal medication adjustments may be needed (as directed in a child's individual asthma management plan) to prevent a flare.这些迹象都没有变化，儿童用药的调整信号，可能需要（如针对儿童的个别哮喘管理计划） ，以防止爆发。 Early warning signs may indicate a flare hours or even a day before the appearance of obvious flare symptoms (such as wheezing and coughing).预警迹象表明可能爆发数小时甚至前一天，出现了明显的耀斑症状（如气喘和咳嗽） 。 Children can develop changes in appearance, mood, or breathing, or they may say they "feel funny" in some way.儿童可以发展变化的外观，心情，或呼吸，否则可能会说，他们“觉得好笑”以某种方式。 Early warning signs are not always definite proof that a flare is coming, but they are signals to plan ahead, just in case.预警信号并非总是明确的证据表明，耀斑是未来，但他们的信号提前计划，以防万一。 It can take some time to learn to recognize these little changes, but over time, recognizing them becomes easier.它可以需要一些时间来学习认识到这些小的变化，但随着时间的推移，认识到他们变得更加容易。 Parents with very young children who can't talk or use a peak flow meter often find early warning signs very helpful in predicting and preventing attacks.父母非常年幼的儿童没有谁可以通话或使用的高峰流量计经常发现预警信号非常有益的预测和防止攻击。 And early warning signs can be helpful for older children and even teenagers because they can learn to sense little changes in themselves.和早期预警迹象可以帮助儿童和老年人甚至青少年，因为他们可以学习意义不大的变化本身。 If they are old enough, they can adjust medication by themselves according to the asthma management plan, and if not, they can ask for help.如果他们是老不够，他们可以调整药物本身根据哮喘管理计划，如果没有，他们可以寻求帮助。 Step 3 - Taking medications as prescribed 第3步-以药品作为处方 Developing an effective medication plan to control a child's asthma can take a little time and trial and error.制定一项有效的药物治疗计划，以控制儿童哮喘可以花一点时间和审判和错误。 Different medications work more or less effectively for different kinds of asthma, and some medication combinations work well for some children but not for others.不同药物的工作或多或少有效地为不同类型的哮喘，以及一些药物的组合工作以及一些儿童，但不是为别人。 There are two main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications (rescue medications) and long-term preventive medications (controller medications) (see Treatment of Asthma).主要有两种类型的哮喘药物：速效救灾药品（抢救药品）和长期预防药物（控制器药物） （见治疗哮喘） 。 Asthma medications treat both symptoms and causes, so they effectively control asthma for nearly every child.药物治疗哮喘的症状和这两个原因，使他们有效地控制哮喘的几乎每一个孩子。 Over-the-counter medications, home remedies, and herbal combinations are not substitutes for prescription asthma medication because they cannot reverse airway obstruction and they do not address the cause of many asthma flares.柜台药品，家里的补救措施，和草药组合是不能取代药物治疗哮喘的处方，因为他们不能扭转气道阻塞，他们没有解决的原因很多哮喘照明弹。 As a result, asthma is not controlled by these nonprescription medicines, and it may even become worse with their usage.因此，哮喘是由这些非处方药品，它甚至可能变得更糟的使用。 Step 4 - Controlling flares by following the doctor's written step-by-step plan 第4步-控制耀斑按照医生的书面步计划 When you follow the first 3 steps of asthma control, your child will have fewer asthma symptoms and flares.当您按照前3个步骤，哮喘控制，你的孩子会减少哮喘症状和照明弹。 Remember that any child with asthma can still have an occasional flare (asthma attack), particularly during the learning period (between diagnosis and control) or after exposure to a very strong or new trigger.请记住，任何儿童哮喘仍然可以偶尔照明（哮喘发作） ，特别是在学习期间（之间的诊断和控制） ，或暴露后一个非常强大的或新的触发。 With the proper patient education, having medications on hand, and keen observation, families can learn to control nearly every asthma flare by starting treatment early, which will mean less emergency room visits and fewer admissions, if any, to the hospital.随着适当的耐心教育后，手头上的药物，并积极观察，家属可以学习控制几乎所有的哮喘耀斑的早期开始治疗，这将意味着减少急诊室访问和招生少，如果有的话，到医院去。 Your doctor should provide a written step-by-step plan outlining exactly what to do if a child has a flare.你的医生应该提供的书面步计划，概述到底该怎么做如果一个孩子有一个耀斑。 The plan is different for each child.该计划是不同的每个孩子。 Over time, families learn to recognize when to start treatment early and when to call the doctor for help.随着时间的推移，家庭学习认识到何时开始早期治疗时，打电话给医生的帮助。 Step 5 - Learning more about asthma, new medications, and treatments 第5步-学习更多关于哮喘，新的药品和治疗方法 Learning more about asthma and asthma treatment is the secret to successful asthma control.更多地了解哮喘和哮喘的治疗是成功的秘密哮喘控制。 There are several organizations you can contact for information, videos, books, educational video games, and pamphlets.有几个组织，您可以联络资料，录像，图书，教育视频游戏，和小册子。 VitaDocs Medical Reference from eMedicineHealth VitaDocs医疗借鉴eMedicineHealth
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