First Aid - Asthma Treatment急救-哮喘治疗

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Monday, 11 February 2008星期一， 08年2月11日

Please call 911 immediately if you are having chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, sudden weakness or numbness, or if you think you have a medical emergency.请立即拨打911 ，如果您有胸部疼痛，呼吸困难，严重出血，突发性的缺陷或麻木，或如果你认为你有一个医疗的紧急情况。

Asthma Treatment哮喘治疗

Since asthma is a chronic disease, treatment goes on for a very long time.由于哮喘是一种慢性疾病，治疗接着一段很长的时间。 Some people have to stay on treatment for the rest of their lives.有些人留在治疗其他的生命。 The best way to improve your condition and live your life on your terms is to learn all you can about your asthma and what you can do to make it better.最好的办法来改善您的生活条件和你的生活在您的任期是学习所有可以对您的哮喘和你们能做的事使之变得更好。

Become a partner with your health care provider and his or her support staff.成为合作伙伴与您的卫生保健提供者和他或她的支持人员。 Use the resources they can offer -- information, education, and expertise -- to help yourself.使用的资源，他们可以提供-宣传，教育和专业知识-帮助你自己。
Become aware of your asthma triggers and do what you can to avoid them.知道您的哮喘触发和做可以，以避免它们。
Follow the treatment recommendations of your health care provider.后续治疗建议，您的医疗保健提供商。 Understand your treatment.了解您的治疗。 Know what each drug does and how it is used.知道每个药物并不以及它是如何使用的。
See your health care provider as scheduled.看到您的卫生保健提供者如期进行。
Report any changes or worsening of your symptoms promptly.报告任何改变或恶化的症状迅速。
Report any side effects you are having with your medications.报告任何副作用您有您的药物。

These are the goals of treatment:这些目标的待遇：

Prevent ongoing and bothersome symptoms防止正在进行的和烦恼的症状
Prevent asthma attacks预防哮喘发作
Prevent attacks severe enough to require a visit to your provider or an emergency department or hospitalization防止攻击严重到需要访问您的供应商或急诊或住院
Carry on with normal activities开展正常活动
Maintain normal or near-normal lung function保持正常或接近正常的肺功能
Have as few side effects of medication as possible作为少数有副作用的药物尽可能

Self-Care at Home自我照顾家

Current treatment regimens are designed to minimize discomfort, inconvenience, and the extent to which you have to limit your activities.目前的治疗方案的设计，尽量减少不适，不便，以及在何种程度上要限制您的活动。 If you follow your treatment plan closely, you should be able to avoid or reduce your visits to your health care provider or the emergency department.如果您按照您的治疗计划密切，你应该能够避免或减少您的访问到您的卫生保健供应商或急诊室。

Know your triggers and do what you can to avoid them.知道你的触发器，并做您可以以避免它们。
If you smoke, quit.如果你吸烟，戒烟。
Do not take cough medicine.不要咳药水。 These medicines do not help asthma and may cause unwanted side effects.这些药品不利于哮喘和可能引起不必要的副作用。
Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, can cause asthma to worsen in certain individuals.阿司匹林和非甾体抗炎药，如布洛芬，可能会导致哮喘恶化某些个人。 These medications should not be taken without the advice of your health care provider.这些药物不应当采取咨询您的保健提供者。
Do not use nonprescription inhalers.不要使用非处方吸入。 These contain very short-acting drugs that may not last long enough to relieve an asthma attack and may cause unwanted side effects.这些包含了非常短效药物，可能不会太久足以缓解哮喘发作，而且可能导致不必要的副作用。
Take only the medications your health care provider has prescribed for your asthma.只需要你的药物供应商保健处方为您的哮喘。 Take them as directed.他们的指示。
Do not take any nonprescription preparations, herbs, or dietary supplements, even if they are completely "natural," without talking to your health care provider first.不要采取任何非处方制剂，中药，或营养补充剂，即使他们是完全“自然” ，没有谈论你的卫生保健提供者第一次。 Some of these may have unwanted side effects or interfere with your medications.其中的一些可能有害的副作用或干扰您的药物。
If the medication is not working, do not take more than you have been directed to take.如果该药物是没有工作，不超过已指示您的。 Overusing asthma medications can be dangerous.哮喘的药物过量可能是危险的。
Be prepared to go on to the next step of your action plan if necessary.有心理准备要进行下一步的行动计划，如有必要。

If you think your medication is not working, let your health care provider know right away.如果您认为您的药物是没有工作，让您的卫生保健提供者知道了。

Medical Treatment医疗

If you are in the emergency room, treatment will be started while the evaluation is still going on.如果您是在急诊室，治疗将开始，而评价仍在进行中。

You may be given oxygen through a face mask or a tube that goes in your nose.您可能会得到通过氧气面罩或不用管在你的鼻子。
You may be given aerosolized beta-agonist medications through a face mask or a nebulizer, with or without an anticholinergic agent.您可能会得到雾化β -受体激动剂的药物通过面罩或喷雾器，有或没有抗胆碱剂。
Another method of providing inhaled beta-agonists is by using a metered dose inhaler or MDI.另一种方法提供吸入β -受体激动剂是用计量吸入器或异氰酸酯。 An MDI delivers a standard dose of medication per puff.一种异氰酸酯提供了一个标准剂量的药物每吹。 MDIs are often used along with a "spacer" or holding chamber.常常计量吸入器配合使用“隔离”或持有室。 A dose of 6-8 puffs is sprayed into the spacer, which is then inhaled.剂量的6-8喷是喷入的间隔，然后吸入。 The advantage of an MDI with a spacer is that it requires little or no assistance from the respiratory therapist.优势的异氰酸酯的间隔是，它需要很少或根本没有提供援助，呼吸治疗。
If you are already on steroid medications, or have recently stopped taking steroid medications, or if this appears to be a very severe attack, you may be given a dose of intavenous steroids.如果您已经对类固醇药物，或最近停止服用类固醇药物，或如果这似乎是一个非常严重的攻击，您可以得到一个intavenous剂量的类固醇。
If you are taking a methylxanthine, such as theophylline or aminophylline, the blood level of this drug will be checked, and you may be given this medication through an intravenous line.如果你正在甲基，如茶碱和氨茶碱，血水平的这种药物将进行检查，你可考虑此药物通过静脉行。
People who respond poorly to inhaled beta-agonists may be given an injection or intravenous dose of a beta-agonist such as terbutaline or epinephrine.人们谁反应不佳，以吸入β -受体激动剂可给予注射或静脉注射剂量的β -受体激动剂，如特布他林或肾上腺素。
You will be observed for at least several hours while your test results are obtained and evaluated.你将看到至少几个小时，而您的测试结果，获得和评价。 You will be monitored for signs of improvement or worsening.您将被监测的改善迹象或恶化。
If you respond well to treatment, you will probably be released from the hospital.如果你的反应以及治疗，你可能会出院。 Be on the lookout over the next several hours for a return of symptoms.密切注意未来几个小时返回的症状。 If symptoms should return or worsen, return to the emergency department right away.如果症状应返还或恶化，返回急诊室了。
Your response will likely be monitored by a peak flow meter.您的回应可能会进行监测的高峰流量计。

In certain circumstances, you may need to be put in the hospital.在某些情况下，你可能需要在医院。 There you can be watched carefully and treated should your condition worsen.在那里，您可以仔细观看和治疗应您的条件恶化。 Conditions for hospitalization include the following:住院治疗的条件包括以下内容：

An attack that is very severe or does not respond well to treatment攻击，这是非常严重或不响应以及治疗
Poor lung function on spirometry标准普尔肺功能的肺活量
Elevated carbon dioxide or low oxygen levels in your blood高架二氧化碳或低的氧含量在你的血液
A history of being admitted to the hospital or placed on a ventilator for your asthma attacks史正在住院或放置在呼吸机的哮喘发作
Other serious disease that may jeopardize your recovery其他严重的疾病，可能危及您的恢复
Other serious lung illnesses or injuries, such as pneumonia or pneumothorax (a "collapsed" lung)其他严重肺部疾病或伤害，如肺炎或气胸（或称“崩溃”肺）

If your asthma has just been diagnosed, you may be started on a regimen of medications and monitoring.如果你的性哮喘刚刚被确诊，您可能会开始对养生的药物和监测。 You will be given 2 types of medications:您将获得第2类型的药物：

Controller medications: These are for long-term control of persistent asthma.控制器的药品：这些都是长期控制的持续性哮喘。 They help to reduce the inflammation in the lungs that underlies asthma attacks.它们有助于减少炎症的背后肺部哮喘发作。 You take these every day regardless of whether you are having symptoms or not.您采取这些每天不管你是否有症状或没有。
Rescue medications: These are for short-term control of asthma attacks.救援药品：这些都是短期控制哮喘发作。 You take these only when you are having symptoms or are more likely to have an attack--for example, when you have an infection in your respiratory tract.您采取这些只有当您有症状或更可能有攻击-例如，当您有您的感染呼吸道。

Your treatment plan will also include other parts:您的治疗计划也将包括其他部分：

Awareness of your triggers and avoiding the triggers as much as possible认识你的触发器，并避免触发尽可能
Recommendations for coping with asthma in your daily life建议应对哮喘在您的日常生活
Regular follow-up visits to your health care provider经常后续访问到您的卫生保健提供者
Use of a peak flow meter使用的高峰流量计

At your follow-up visits, your health care provider will review how you have been doing.在您后续访问，您的卫生保健提供者将审查你一直在做。

He or she will ask you about frequency and severity of attacks, use of rescue medications, and peak flow measurements.他或她会问你的频率和严重程度的攻击，使用的援救药物，并洪峰流量的测量。
Lung functions tests may be done to see how your lungs are responding to your treatment.肺功能测试，可以看看你的肺部是响应您的治疗。
This is a good time to discuss medication side effects or any problems you are having with your treatment.这是一个很好的时间来讨论药物的副作用或任何问题，您有您的治疗。

The peak flow meter is a simple, inexpensive device that measures how forcefully you are able to exhale.峰值流量计是一种简单，廉价的设备，措施有力您如何能够呼出。

Ask your health care provider or an assistant to show you how to use the peak flow meter.问问你的卫生保健提供者或助理向您展示了如何使用米的洪峰流量。 He or she should watch you use it until you can do it correctly.他或她应看您使用它，直到你能做正确的。
Keep one in your home and use it regularly.保持一个在您的家中，并定期使用它。 Your health care provider will make suggestions as to when you should measure your peak flow.您的卫生保健提供者将建议，当你要衡量你的洪峰流量。
Checking your peak flow is a good way to help you and your health care provider assess what triggers your asthma and its severity.检查您的洪峰流量是一个很好的方式帮助您和您的医疗保健供应商评估什么触发您的哮喘和其严重性。
Check your peak flow regularly and keep a record of the results.检查您的洪峰流量，并定期记录的结果。 Over time, your health care provider may be able to use this record to improve your medications, reducing dose or side effects.随着时间的推移，你的卫生保健提供者可以使用这个记录，以改善您的药物，减少剂量或副作用。
Peak flow measures fall just before an asthma attack.洪峰流量下降的措施前哮喘发作。 If you use your peak flow meter regularly, you may be able to predict when you are going to have an attack.如果您使用高峰流量计定期，可以预测当你将不得不攻击。
It can also be used to check your response to rescue medications.它也可以被用来检查您的回应救援药品。

Together, you and your health care provider will develop an action plan for you in case of asthma attack.同时，您和您的卫生保健提供者将制定一项行动计划，为您的情况下哮喘发作。 The action plan will include the following:该行动计划将包括以下内容：