First Aid - Broken or Knocked-Out Teeth Treatment急救-损坏或淘汰出牙治疗

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Thursday, 07 February 2008星期四， 2008年2月7日

Please call 911 immediately if you are having chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, sudden weakness or numbness, or if you think you have a medical emergency.请立即拨打911 ，如果您有胸部疼痛，呼吸困难，严重出血，突发性的缺陷或麻木，或如果你认为你有一个医疗的紧急情况。

Broken or Knocked-Out Teeth Treatment残破的或淘汰出牙治疗

Self-Care at Home自我照顾家

Before focusing on the teeth, be certain that a life- or limb-threatening injury is not present.在侧重于牙齿，肯定生命或肢体威胁的损伤是不存在。 For example, if someone fell 10 feet and is not responding, and there is a puddle of blood by the mouth with teeth scattered about, don't assume there is an isolated injury to the teeth.例如，如果某人下跌了10英尺，没有回应，有水坑的血口与牙齿分散，不要以为有一个孤立的损伤牙齿。 In the grand scheme of things, dental injuries can wait.在大计划中的事情，牙齿受伤可以等待。

If a tooth is completely knocked out, it should be quickly rinsed off with water, but never scrubbed.如果牙齿是完全淘汰，它应该迅速清洗了水，但从来没有擦洗。 The tooth should be held by the crown (top), not the root, so you do not damage the ligaments.牙齿应举行了冠（顶部），而不是根本，所以你不损害韧带。 In a cooperative adult, the tooth should be put back in the socket.在成人的合作，牙齿应该早在插座。
- Many people may be uncomfortable reimplanting the tooth on their own.许多人可能会不舒服reimplanting牙齿自己。 If this is the case, be sure to transport the tooth to the doctor or dentist in saline, milk, or saliva.如果是这种情况，一定要运输牙齿的医生或牙医生理盐水，牛奶，或唾液。
- You may also place the tooth between the cheek and gum line of either the person who lost the tooth or any willing adult.您也可以把牙齿之间的面颊和牙床线，无论是谁失去了人的牙齿或任何愿意成人。 The mouth is the best place for the tooth because it protects the root by keeping it moist and providing protection against bacteria.嘴巴是最好的地方，牙齿，因为它保护了根的保持湿润，并提供保护，防止细菌。
- Do not transport the tooth dry.不要运输牙齿干。 This will cause damage within minutes.这将造成损害的几分钟之内。 Transporting the tooth in water is also not recommended.运送牙齿在水中也不会建议。
In children or uncooperative adults, the tooth ideally should be placed in a "tooth saver" solution, which can be provided by your health care professional.在不合作的儿童或成人，牙齿最好应放在一个“保护牙齿”的解决方案，它可以提供的医疗保健专业。 Effective substitutes include saline, milk, or saliva.有效的替代品包括生理盐水，牛奶，或唾液。 An uncooperative adult or child may swallow the tooth.一个不合作的成人或儿童可能会吞下牙齿。 Of greater concern, the person may inhale it, causing a choking episode.更大的关注，该人可吸入它，造成窒息的插曲。
If bleeding from the socket is seen, rinse the mouth out with water.如果出血插座看到，冲洗口了水。 Place a wad of tissue or gauze on the socket and bite down on it.放置一个浅滩的组织或纱布的插座和咬上它。 The pressure exerted will usually stop the bleeding.施加的压力通常会停止流血。
For loosened, pushed in, or broken teeth, avoid eating or drinking anything.对于放松，推动中，或损坏牙齿，避免进食或饮用任何东西。 If the tooth is broken in pieces, retrieve any remaining parts and transport them in one of the suggested solutions.如果牙齿被打破的作品，撷取任何剩余部分和运输他们在一所建议的解决方案。

Medical Treatment医疗

For teeth that are just loose in their socket, treatment is simple.对于牙齿松动只是在其插座，治疗非常简单。 Avoid hard foods.避免硬的食物。 Teeth with significant motion will need to be stabilized using wire, metal arch bars, or a plastic bond for 10-14 days.牙重大议案将需要稳定的使用铁丝网，金属拱坝酒吧，或塑料债券为10-14天。
For knocked out permanent teeth, the sooner the tooth is put back in its socket, the better its chances.对于淘汰恒牙，越早牙齿是放回在其插座，更好的机会。 The best chance for survival occurs if the tooth is reimplanted within 30 minutes.最好的机会出现的生存，如果牙齿是reimplanted在30分钟内。 Once implanted, the tooth must be stabilized using the techniques just described for 2-4 weeks.一旦植入的牙齿必须稳定使用刚才所描述的技术为2-4周。
Broken teeth are managed according to their Ellis classification.残破的牙齿管理根据自己的埃利斯分类。 For a minor chip (Ellis I), no acute treatment is necessary.对于一个小芯片（埃利斯一），无急性治疗是必要的。 You might need mild pain medication for comfort.您可能需要温和的止痛药的舒适性。 This injury typically needs a cosmetic repair that can be completed by a dentist.这种损伤通常需要美容修复，可完成的牙医。
For the more significant tooth fractures (Ellis II and III), certain steps are employed to reduce infection, control pain, and reduce the chance of permanent damage to the pulp.更重要的牙齿骨折（埃利斯第二和第三），某些步骤就业，以减少感染，控制疼痛，并降低了永久性损害的纸浆。
- You may be given antibiotics in the Emergency Department.您可考虑抗生素的急诊部。 Pain medication can include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Motrin), or a narcotic medicine, such as hydrocodone (Vicodin).止痛药可包括对乙酰氨基酚（泰诺），布洛芬（警惕），或者麻醉药品，如hydrocodone （药Vicodin ）。 In some cases, a nerve block (injecting a long-acting local anesthetic near the injured tooth) can be performed.在某些情况下，神经阻滞（注射一种长效局部麻醉附近的受伤牙齿）就可以执行。
- In Ellis II fractures, the exposed dentin is covered with calcium hydroxide, which provides a protective covering for nerves and blood vessels.在埃利斯二骨折，牙本质暴露覆盖氢氧化钙，从而提供了保护罩的神经和血管。
- An Ellis III injury (where the pulp is exposed) will need continued dental care.一个埃利斯三伤（其中纸浆暴露）将需要持续的牙齿护理。 A pulpectomy may need to be performed.甲根管治疗可能需要完成。 Immediate bonding is another option.直属键是另一种选择。
For adult teeth that are pushed into the gum line, no acute treatment is necessary if the tooth is stable and not likely to fall out.成人的牙齿是被推到胶线，无急性治疗是必要的，如果牙齿是稳定的，而不是可能下降了。 An x-ray will be needed to look for a fracture in or near the socket. x射线将需要寻找一个骨折或附近的插座。 In most cases, the tooth will push itself back out, returning to its normal position.在大多数情况下，牙将推动本身回来，返回到正常位置。 The only exception occurs with a primary (baby) tooth.唯一的例外发生在小学（婴儿）牙齿。 If it injures the developing adult tooth below it, permanent damage may occur, resulting in cosmetic disfigurement or loss of the permanent tooth.如果它伤害的发展中国家的成人牙齿下面的，永久的损害可能发生，从而导致化妆品毁容或损失的恒牙。
In general, any time a tooth is struck, microscopic nerve or blood vessel damage may occur, even without apparent initial injury.一般来说，任何时候牙齿是击中，显微神经或血管的损害可能发生，即使没有明显的初次损伤。 The damage may show as a color change over a period of days to months and lead to the death of the tooth.这种损害可能会显示一个颜色的变化经过一段天至数月，并导致死亡的牙齿。