First Aid - Fever急救-热

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Wednesday, 06 February 2008星期三， 08年2月6日

Please call 911 immediately if you are having chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, sudden weakness or numbness, or if you think you have a medical emergency.请立即拨打911 ，如果您有胸部疼痛，呼吸困难，严重出血，突发性的缺陷或麻木，或如果你认为你有一个医疗的紧急情况。

Fever in Adults Treatment成人发热治疗

Self-Care at Home自我照顾家

You can make the diagnosis of fever by taking your temperature with a thermometer.您可以诊断的发热采取的温度与温度计。 In an adult, the thermometer is placed in the mouth or rectum (use a rectal thermometer).在成人，温度计放置在口腔或直肠（使用直肠温度计）。

In general, a fever can be treated with any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent such as ibuprofen (Motrin) or with acetaminophen (Tylenol).一般而言，发烧可以用任何非甾体抗炎剂，如布洛芬（警惕），或与对乙酰氨基酚（泰诺）。 Both medications help control pain and fever.这两种药物帮助控制疼痛和发烧。 Alternating doses of each will also work and prevent accidental overdose.交替剂量的每个也将工作和防止意外过量。 At times, a combination of both acetaminophen and ibuprofen will be needed to stop the fever.有时，两者相结合的对乙酰氨基酚和布洛芬将需要停止发烧。

Aspirin is not the first choice for fever reduction.阿司匹林是不是第一选择，减少发热。 It may be toxic in large doses in adults or cause Reye syndrome in children.它可能是有毒的大剂量的成年人，或造成雷氏综合症的儿童。

Ibuprofen comes in 200-mg tablets purchased over the counter at a drug store.布洛芬有200毫克片剂购买柜台上药店。 You may take 1-2 tablets every 4 hours to decrease your temperature.您可能需要1-2片每4个小时，以减少您的温度。 Use the lowest possible dose.使用尽可能低的剂量。
- Side effects of ibuprofen include nausea and vomiting, which may be prevented if the medication is taken with food.副作用布洛芬包括恶心和呕吐，这可能是阻碍，如果是采取药物与食物。 Rare side effects include diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, and stomach pain.罕见的副作用包括腹泻，便秘，胃灼热和胃痛。 People with stomach ulcers or kidney disease, pregnant women, and those with an aspirin allergy should avoid ibuprofen.人民与胃溃疡或肾脏疾病，孕妇，以及那些与阿司匹林过敏应避免布洛芬。
- Common brand names of ibuprofen include Advil, Motrin, and Nuprin.常见品牌的布洛芬包括布洛芬，警惕，并Nuprin 。 Read the product label for specific ingredients described as ibuprofen.阅读产品标签的具体成分描述为布洛芬。
Acetaminophen also prevents a fever from occurring.对乙酰氨基酚也可以防止发烧的发生。 It comes in 325 mg tablets or 500 mg tablets over the counter.它有325毫克药片或500毫克片剂柜台。 Again, 1-2 tablets every 4 hours should be used to eliminate a fever.同样， 1-2片每4小时应该用来消除发烧。
- Side effects are rare, but some people are allergic to the medication.副作用是罕见的，但有些人过敏的药物。 Extremely large doses (overdose) may cause liver failure.非常大剂量（超）可能会导致肝功能衰竭。 Therefore, people with liver disease and chronic alcohol users should avoid this medication.因此，人们肝脏疾病和慢性酒精中毒用户应避免这种药物。
- Common brand names of acetaminophen are Aspirin Free Anacin, Feverall, Genapap, Panadol, Tempra, and Tylenol.常见品牌名称对乙酰氨基酚是阿司匹林自由阿纳辛， Feverall ， Genapap ， Panadol ， Tempra ，和泰诺。 Read the product label for specific ingredients described as acetaminophen.阅读产品标签的具体成分描述为对乙酰氨基酚。
A fever can cause you to become very dehydrated.发烧可以使您变得非常脱水。 Drink lots of fluids.喝大量的液体。 Attempts to cool the skin may only make you more uncomfortable.试图冷静的皮肤可能只会让你更舒服。 This may also cause shivering, which will actually increase your body temperature if the fever is being caused by an infection.这也可能导致寒战，这实际上将增加您的体温，如果正在发烧引起的感染。 Further therapy depends on the cause of the fever and the accompanying symptoms.此外取决于治疗的原因，出现发烧和随之而来的症状。 Basic cold symptoms can be treated with over-the-counter medications.感冒症状基本可以处理柜台药品。
If the fever is caused by exposure to hot weather or overexertion, the technique is different from treating any other fever.如果发烧的原因是暴露在炎热的天气或overexertion ，这项技术不同于其他任何治疗发烧。 Neither acetaminophen nor ibuprofen will be effective.无论布洛芬对乙酰氨基酚也将是有效的。 The person needs to be cooled immediately.人需要立即冷却。 If the person is confused or unconsciousness, seek emergency medical help immediately.如果该人混淆或失去知觉，寻求紧急医疗帮助立即。 While waiting for help, remove the person from the hot environment and remove his or her clothes.在等待帮助，删除的人从炎热的环境和删除他或她的衣服。 The body should be cooled with a wet sponge, and a fan should be directed over the person.该机构应与冷湿海绵，和球迷应针对以上的人。

Medical Treatment医疗

The treatment of a fever depends on its cause.治疗发烧取决于其事业。 In most cases, except hyperthermia, acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given to lower the temperature.在大多数情况下，除了高温，对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬可考虑降低温度。 Fluids may be given by mouth or intravenously to prevent dehydration, if necessary.流体可给予口服或静脉注射，以防止脱水，如果有必要。

Viral illnesses usually resolve on their own.病毒性疾病通常是解决自己的。 Medications to help with specific symptoms can be given.药物治疗，以帮助具体的症状可以得到。 These may include medications to lower fever, help with congestion, soothe a sore throat, or control a runny nose.这些措施可以包括：降低药品发烧，帮助堵塞，缓解喉咙痛，或控制流鼻涕。 Viruses that cause vomiting and diarrhea may require intravenous fluids and medications to slow down the diarrhea and stop nausea.病毒引起呕吐和腹泻可能需要静脉注射液和药物减缓腹泻，并停止恶心。 A few viral illnesses can be treated with antiviral medication.有几个病毒的疾病可以治疗与抗病毒药物治疗。 Herpes and the influenza virus are examples.单纯疱疹病毒和流感病毒的例子。 If the person is able to drink fluids and the symptoms are mild, he or she will be able to go home.如果此人是能够饮用液体和症状轻微时，他或她将能够回家。
Bacterial illnesses require a specific antibiotic that depends on the type of bacteria found or where it is located in the body.细菌性疾病需要一种特定的抗生素这取决于类型的细菌或发现它位于身体。 The physician will determine whether the person is admitted to the hospital or sent home.医生将决定此人是否住院或回家。 This decision is based on the illness and the person's other medical conditions.这一决定是基于疾病和人的其他医疗条件。
Most fungal infections can be treated with an antifungal medication.大多数真菌感染可以治疗的抗菌药物。
Drug-induced fever is eliminated when the medication is stopped.药物引起发烧被取消时，停止用药。
A blood clot requires admission to the hospital and blood thinners.血块需要住院的医院和血液稀释剂。
Any person with an illness that inhibits the immune system will be evaluated closely and usually admitted to the hospital.任何人的疾病，抑制免疫系统将密切评估，通常住院。
Environmental heat exposure requires aggressive cooling in the Emergency Department.环保热暴露，需要积极的降温急诊部。 The person's clothes will be removed, a cooling fan and cool mist will be used, and his or her vital signs will be monitored closely.该人的衣服将被删除，一个冷却风扇和冷却雾将用于，和他或她的生命体征将密切监测。 Hyperthermic people will be admitted to the hospital.温热人民将住院。