Please call 911 immediately if you are having chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, sudden weakness or numbness, or if you think you have a medical emergency.请立即拨打911 ，如果您有胸部疼痛，呼吸困难，严重出血，突发性的缺陷或麻木，或如果你认为你有一个医疗的紧急情况。

Bacterial and Viral Rashes细菌和病毒疹

Many childhood diseases have bacterial or viral causes and include a rash of some type.许多儿童疾病的细菌或病毒的原因，其中包括皮疹的一些类型。 As study continues and more and more vaccines become available, these diseases become less of a threat to your child's long-term health.作为研究仍在继续，越来越多的疫苗到位，这些疾病越来越威胁到儿童的长期健康。 A rash of any kind should be taken seriously, however, and may require a trip to the doctor's office for evaluation.阿皮疹任何形式应认真考虑，不过，可能需要访问该医生的办公室进行评估。

Chickenpox (varicella)水痘疫苗（水痘）

A virus called varicella-zoster causes this very contagious disease. A型病毒称为水痘带状疱疹的原因非常传染性疾病。 Although it is not a serious disease to otherwise healthy children, the symptoms last about 2 weeks and can make the child very uncomfortable.尽管它不是一个严重疾病的健康儿童，症状持续约2周，可以使孩子感到很不舒服。 In addition, chickenpox can be a serious illness in people with weak immune systems such as newborns, people on chemotherapy for cancer, people taking steroids, pregnant women, or those with HIV.此外，水痘可以是一个严重的疾病在人的免疫系统弱，如新生儿，人们对化疗的癌症，类固醇的人考虑，怀孕妇女，或那些感染了艾滋病毒。 A safe and effective vaccine is now available to children aged 1 year or older to prevent chickenpox.一种安全有效的疫苗现已岁儿童1年或以上，以防止水痘。 It takes 10-20 days to develop chickenpox after being exposed to the virus via inhalation of infected droplets or contact with the lesions on an infected person.需要10-20天内制定水痘后，受到该病毒通过吸入飞沫传染或接触病灶感染者。

• Symptoms症状
  • The symptoms of chickenpox often begins with a very itchy rash, which first appears on the scalp, armpits, or groin area and progresses, in waves, to spread over the entire body.症状水痘往往一开始就非常发痒的皮疹，首先出现在头皮，腋下，或腹股沟区和进步，在波浪中，传播在整个机构。
  • The rash begins as an area of redness with a small, superficial blister in the center.该皮疹开始作为一个地区的发红的小，表面起泡的中心。 The blister eventually ruptures, and the lesion will form a crust.最终的水泡破裂，以及病变将形成地壳。
  • Other associated symptoms include low-grade fever, malaise, sore throat, and red eyes.其他相关症状包括低烧，倦怠，喉咙痛，和红色的眼睛。 Fever and malaise may precede the rash in some cases.发烧和倦怠可能皮疹之前，在某些情况下。
• Treatment治疗
  • The virus is spread primarily from the nose and mouth of the child, but the rash itself is also contagious.其传染途径主要是从鼻子和嘴巴的儿童，但皮疹本身也是传染的。 The child remains contagious and cannot go to school or day care until the last lesion to appear fully crusts over.孩子仍然传染性，不能去上学或日间护理，直至最后病灶完全出现结壳了。
  • No therapy treats chickenpox once it has begun, but your doctor can provide prescriptions and advice to help with the discomfort and the itching.没有治疗方法治疗水痘，一旦已经开始，但你的医生可以提供药方和咨询，协助不适和瘙痒。
  • Never give aspirin to a child with chickenpox.永不放弃阿司匹林的儿童水痘。 A deadly disease called Reye syndrome has been associated with children taking aspirin, especially if they have chickenpox.一种致命的疾病所谓的雷氏综合症已与儿童服用阿司匹林，特别是如果他们有水痘。 Be sure to check any other over-the-counter medications for aspirin or salicylates because these are often found mixed with over-the-counter cold medications.请务必检查任何其他柜台药物阿司匹林或水杨酸，因为这些往往是发现混有柜台感冒药。
  • Chickenpox can occasionally affect the cornea, the clear front portion of the eye.水痘有时会影响角膜，明确前端部分的眼睛。 If your child develops chickenpox on the tip of the nose or in the eyes, see your doctor immediately.如果您的孩子开发水痘的鼻尖或眼睛，看到你的医生立即。

Measles麻疹

A paramyxovirus causes the measles.阿副导致麻疹。 A safe and effective vaccine is available to prevent this disease, but outbreaks in people who have not been adequately vaccinated still happen.一种安全和有效的疫苗可以预防这种疾病，但发生在人谁没有得到足够的疫苗仍然发生。

• Symptoms症状
  • The disease usually begins with nasal congestion, eye redness, swelling and tearing, cough, lethargy, and high fever.这种疾病通常始于鼻塞，眼睛发红，肿胀，撕裂，咳嗽，嗜睡，和发高烧。
  • On the third or fourth day of the illness, the child will develop a red rash on the face, which spreads rapidly and lasts about 7 days.在第三或第四一天的疾病，儿童将制定一个红色皮疹的脸，这传播速度非常快，持续约7天。
  • Another rash, white spots on the gums in the mouth, may also develop.另一个皮疹，白色斑点的牙龈的嘴，也可能发展。
• Treatment治疗
  • Once the disease begins, no medication treats measles.一旦这种疾病开始时，没有任何药物治疗麻疹。 However, your doctor may offer treatments to care for cough, eye symptoms, and fever.然而，你的医生可提供治疗护理咳嗽，眼部症状，发烧。 Aspirin and aspirin-like products cannot be used as they can cause a life-threatening condition called Reye's syndrome.阿司匹林与阿司匹林类似的产品不能被用作这可能导致危及生命的条件要求瑞氏综合征。
  • Some children develop secondary bacterial infections of the middle ear, sinuses, lung and neck lymph nodes.有些儿童发展继发性细菌感染中耳，鼻窦，肺和颈部淋巴结。 These can be treated with antibiotics.这些可以用抗生素治疗。
  • Children who have measles appear quite ill and are miserable, but the illness usually gets better without lasting ill effects within 7-10 days after symptoms started.儿童麻疹谁似乎都相当虐待和痛苦，但这种疾病通常没有得到更好的持久的不良影响在7-10天之后症状开始。
  • You can prevent your child from getting measles by making sure they receive the recommended vaccinations.您可以防止您的孩子获得麻疹确保他们收到的建议接种疫苗。 The measles vaccine is part of the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine given at age 12-15 months and repeated at age 4-6 or 11-12 years.麻疹疫苗是孕产妇死亡率（麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹）疫苗给予年龄12-15个月，多次在4-6岁或11-12岁。

Rubella (German measles)风疹（德国麻疹）

Rubella is a much milder disease in children also caused by a virus (Rubivirus).风疹是一种比较温和疾病的儿童也由病毒引起的（ Rubivirus ） 。 If contracted during gestation, rubella is a much more serious disease, causing deafness, heart abnormalities, eye problems, retardation, and other conditions)如果合同妊娠期，风疹是一种更为严重的疾病，导致耳聋，心脏异常，眼睛的问题，迟缓，和其他条件）

• Symptoms in children症状的儿童
  • Rubella begins with a pink/red rash on the face (a slapped cheek appearance) then spreads to the rest of the body and gets better in about 4 days.风疹从一个粉红色/红色皮疹的脸（一征收的脸颊外观） ，然后蔓延到身体其他部位，并得到更好的约4天。
  • Your child does not appear to be very ill but may develop swollen lymph nodes in the neck, especially behind the ears.你的孩子似乎没有病得很重，但可开发淋巴结肿大的脖子，尤其是背后的耳朵。
• Treatment治疗
  • Rubella is also easily prevented with an effective vaccine (the MMR).风疹也很容易预防的一种有效疫苗（的孕产妇死亡率） 。
  • Rubella can be very serious to an unborn child if the mother develops rubella early in her pregnancy.风疹可以是非常严重的胎儿，如果母亲风疹早期开发在她怀孕。 All women of childbearing age should have their immune status verified.所有育龄妇女应该有他们的免疫状态验证。

Scarlet fever (scarlatina)猩红热（ scarlatina ）

Scarlet fever is simply strep throat with a rash.猩红热仅仅是链球菌性喉炎的皮疹。 The throat infection is caused by a streptococcal bacteria.喉部感染引起的链球菌。 It is most commonly seen in school-aged children in the winter and early spring, but it can occur in individuals of any age and in any season.这是最常见的学龄儿童在冬季和初春，但它可以发生在任何个人的年龄和在任何季节。 It is very contagious, and the risk of transmission can be decreased with good hand washing.这是非常接触传染的，传播的危险可降低良好的洗手。

The rash is not serious, but serious complications can occur from the underlying infection, strep throat.该皮疹，这是不严重，但严重的并发症，可能会发生从根本感染，链球菌性喉炎。 The most worrisome of these is rheumatic fever, a serious disease that can damage the heart valves and cause long-term heart disease.最令人担忧的是风湿热，严重的疾病，会损害心脏瓣膜，造成长期心脏病。

• Symptoms症状
  • The child's symptoms begin with sore throat (which can be mild), fever, headache, abdominal pain, and swollen glands in the neck.孩子的症状开始喉咙痛（可轻度） ，发烧，头痛，腹部疼痛，腺体肿大和颈部。
  • After 1-2 days of these symptoms, the child develops a rash on the body that is red and has a sandpaper texture.经过1-2天的这些症状，儿童发展皮疹的机构，就是红色的，并且有一个砂纸纹理。 After 7-14 days, the rash sloughs off.经过7-14天，皮疹sloughs赶走。
  • The face may look very flushed, but the skin around the mouth appears normal.面对可能看起来非常通红，但周围的皮肤嘴巴似乎正常。
• Treatment治疗
  • Streptococcal bacteria can be treated with antibiotics.链球菌可以用抗生素治疗。
  • Have your child seen by your doctor immediately if you suspect he or she has strep throat or scarlet fever.有你的孩子看到你的医生立即如果您怀疑他或她链球菌喉咙或猩红热。
  • Your child will require a full course of antibiotics, which should be finished even if your child is better before completion.您的孩子将需要全部课程，抗生素，应该完成，即使您的孩子更好地完成之前。
  • Your child may return to school in 24 hours if the fever has resolved and he or she is feeling better.您的孩子可以重返校园在24小时内，如果出现发烧已经解决，他或她的感觉更好。

Fifth disease第五病

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum or "slapped cheeks" disease, is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19).第五疾病，又称为传染性红斑或“征收的脸颊病” ，是由病毒引起的（细小病毒B19 ） 。 This disease tends to occur in the winter and spring but can happen year-round.这种疾病往往发生在冬季和春季会发生，但全年。

• Symptoms症状
  • The child initially feels ill and tired; then a rash appears.最初的儿童虐待和感觉很累，然后出现皮疹。 The rash is characterized by bright red cheeks (the symptom inspiring the name slapped cheeks disease).皮疹的特点是明亮的红色的脸颊（症状鼓舞人心的名义征收的脸颊病） 。 The rash is warm, nontender, and sometimes itchy.该皮疹，这是温暖的， nontender ，有时甚至发痒。
  • In 1-2 days a lacy rash spreads throughout the body.在1-2天的花边皮疹蔓延整个身体。 The rash appears to fade when the skin is cool, but with a warm bath or with activity, the rash becomes more pronounced.出现的皮疹消退时，皮肤凉爽，但却有一个温暖的浴缸或与活动，皮疹变得更加突出。 Once the rash appears, the child is no longer contagious.一旦出现皮疹，孩子不再是传染的。
• Treatment治疗
  • Fifth disease is not serious in otherwise healthy children but can pose a serious problem for children with sickle cell anemia, leukemia, or AIDS.第五病并不严重，在其他健康儿童，但可以构成一个严重的问题儿童镰状细胞性贫血，白血病，或艾滋病。
  • The disease can also cause problems for pregnant women.这种疾病也可能导致问题的孕妇。
  • Because the child is contagious only before the rash appears, children who develop the rash are free to return to day care.由于儿童具有传染性之前只出现皮疹，儿童谁开发皮疹可以自由地返回日托。