Breast Cancer: Breast Biopsy乳腺癌：乳房活检

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Monday, 24 December 2007星期一， 2007年12月24日

A biopsy is the removal of cells or tissue from a suspicious mass.活检是消除细胞或组织从一个可疑的肿块。 The tissue or cells are then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells.该组织或细胞检查，然后在显微镜下，以检查癌细胞。 A biopsy may be performed when an abnormal breast change is found during a mammogram, ultrasound or physical examination.活检可表现异常时，乳房的变化，发现在乳房X光检查，超声波或身体检查。 A biopsy is the only way to determine if a potential trouble spot is cancerous or benign.活检是唯一的途径，以确定是否有潜在的麻烦点是癌变或良性的。

There are many types of biopsy procedures.有许多类型的活检程序。 The method recommended by your doctor will depend on how large the breast lump or abnormal area is; where in the breast it is located; how many lumps or abnormal areas -- such as suspicious calcifications -- are present; if you have any other medical problems; and what your personal preferences are.该法的建议和您的医生将取决于大乳房肿块或异常面积;在乳腺癌中它位于;多少肿块或异常的领域-如可疑钙化-存在;如果您有任何其他医疗问题;和您的个人偏好。

What Are the Types of Biopsies?是什么类型的穿刺活检？

The types of biopsies include:该类型的活检包括：

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) : A non-surgical form of breast biopsy in which a small needle is used to withdraw a sample of cells from the breast lump. 细针穿刺（活检）：一种非手术形式的乳腺活检，其中的一小针是用来撤回的样本细胞的乳腺肿块。 If the lump is a cyst (fluid-filled sac), removal of the fluid will cause the cyst to collapse.如果是整囊肿（液体填充囊），清除钻井液将导致囊肿崩溃。 If the lump is solid, cells can be smeared onto slides for examination.如果是坚实的肿块，细胞能够被涂到幻灯片的考试。
Core biopsy : Similar to FNA, but a larger needle is used because actual breast tissue is removed, rather than a tiny sampling of cells. 核心活检 ：类似活检，而是一个大针的实际使用，因为乳腺组织被删除，而不是一个微小的细胞取样。 A sample of the lump is removed, but not the entire lump.抽样的一次性取消，但不是整个肿块。 The types of core biopsies include ultrasound-guided core biopsy and stereotactic biopsy.该类型的核心活检包括超声引导下核心活检和立体定位活检。
- Ultrasound-guided core biopsy : This technique obtains breast tissue without surgery. 超声引导穿刺活检的核心 ：该技术获得乳腺组织无手术。 A biopsy needle is placed into the breast tissue.活检针置入乳房组织。 Ultrasound helps confirm correct needle placement -- using sound waves reflected off breast tissue -- so the exact location of the abnormality is biopsied.超声有助于确认正确的针头位置-利用声波反映了乳腺组织-这样的确切位置异常的活检。 Ultrasound can distinguish many benign lesions, such as fluid-filled cysts, from solid lesions.超声可以区分许多良性病变，如充液囊肿，固体病变。 Tissue samples are then taken through the needle.组织样品，然后通过针。
- Stereotactic biopsy : This involves centering the area to be tested in the window of a specially designed instrument. 立体定位穿刺活检 ：这涉及到该地区为中心进行测试的窗口中的一个专门设计的工具。 Mammogram films called SCOUT films are taken so the radiologist can examine the breast tissue.乳房X线照片电影所谓的童军电影采取这样的放射可以检查乳房组织。 Using a local anesthetic, the radiologist makes a small opening in the skin.用局部麻醉，放射科作出的一个小型开放的皮肤。 A sterile biopsy needle is placed into the breast tissue area to be biopsied.无菌活检针是放置在乳房组织面积活检。 Computerized pictures help confirm the exact needle placement.计算机的图片帮助确认针的确切位置。 Tissue samples are taken through the needle.组织样品，通过采取针。 It is common to take multiple tissue samples (about three to five).这是共同采取多种组织样品（约三至五年）。
Minimally Invasive Breast Biopsy.微创乳房活检。
Open excisional biopsy : Surgical removal of the entire lump. 开放式切除活检 ：手术切除整个肿块。 The tissue is then studied under a microscope.该组织研究，然后在显微镜下。 If a rim of normal breast tissue is taken all the way around a lump (called a lumpectomy), then the biopsy can also serve as part of breast cancer treatment (removal of the cancerous tumor).如果缘正常乳腺组织是采取一切办法整（称为一个乳房肿瘤切除术），然后活检还可以充当一部分乳腺癌治疗（去除肿瘤）。 This is sometimes done with wire localization.这有时是做定位。 In this technique, a wire is inserted through a needle into the area to be biopsied.在这一技术，插入导线通过针头进入该地区将活检。 An X-ray is taken to make sure it is in the right place. X射线是采取以确保其在正确的位置。 A small hook at the end of the wire keeps it in position.一个小钩在年底电线保持它的立场。 The surgeon uses this wire as a guide to locate the abnormal tissue to be removed.外科医生使用此线为指导，以找到异常组织必须除去。
Sentinel node biopsy :A newer biopsy method can be used to pinpoint the first lymph node into which a tumor drains (called the sentinel node) and remove only the nodes most likely to contain cancer cells. 前哨淋巴结活检 ：一种新的检查方法可用于精确的第一淋巴结转移到了肿瘤沟渠（称为前哨淋巴结）和删除节点只有最有可能含有癌细胞。 To locate the sentinel node, a radioactive tracer, a blue dye or both are injected into the area around the tumor before a mastectomy is performed.如果要找出前哨淋巴结，放射性示踪，蓝色染料或两者都注入到周围地区的肿瘤术前进行。 The tracer travels the same path to the lymph nodes that the cancer cells would take, making it possible for the surgeon to determine the one or two nodes most likely to test positive for cancer.示踪旅行相同的路径至淋巴结的癌细胞将采取，使外科医生，以确定一个或两个节点最有可能试验阳性的癌症。

Cells or tissues that are removed using any of the methods described above are given to a pathologist, a physician who specializes in diagnosing abnormal tissue changes.细胞或组织中的使用任何上述方法给出了一个病理学家，医生谁专门组织诊断异常变化。

How Do I Take Care of Myself After a Surgical Biopsy?我如何照顾自己后，手术活检？

You may be wearing a special bra and dressings over the biopsy site after the procedure.你可以穿着特殊胸罩和包扎的活检部位后的程序。 You will be able to remove these two days after the biopsy.你将能够消除这些两天后切片。 Small tapes or possibly stitches will remain over the incision site; do not remove these yourself.小磁带或可能针将继续在切口处;不消除这些吧。 They will be removed at your follow-up appointment.他们将被删除在您的后续任命。

You may be asked to apply medicines or ice to the biopsy area or change the bandages at home.您可能会被要求适用于药品或冰活检面积或改变绷带在家里。 Your doctor will advise you about showering, bathing and wound care.你的医生会建议您洗澡，洗澡，伤口护理。

You will be given a prescription for pain relief after the procedure.您将得到一个处方止痛后的程序。 But you may take an over-the counter pain reliever if that provides sufficient relief.但是，你可采取过反止痛如果提供足够的救济。 Do not take aspirin or products containing aspirin for the first three days after the procedure.不要服用阿司匹林或含阿司匹林的产品的头三天后的程序。

The area of the biopsy may be black and blue right after the procedure.该地区的活检可黑色和蓝色之后的程序。 This will go away in a few days.这将走在几天之内。

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center .审查由医生在克利夫兰诊所陶癌症研究中心。

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