The Normal Breast在正常乳腺

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Saturday, 22 December 2007星期六， 2007年十二月22号

Each breast has 15 to 20 sections, or lobes, that surround the nipple like spokes on a wheel.每个乳房有15至20节，或叶，包住乳头像辐条的车轮。 Inside these lobes are smaller lobes, called lobules.在这些叶是叶较小，称为小叶。 At the end of each lobule are tiny "bulbs" that produce milk.在每个小叶是微小的“灯泡” ，生产的牛奶。 These structures are linked together by small tubes called ducts, which carry milk to the nipples.这些结构联系在一起的小管称为导管，其中执行牛奶的奶嘴。

The nipple is in the center of a darker area of skin called the areola.乳头是在中心的暗区的皮肤称为乳晕。 The areola contains small glands, called Montgomery glands, which lubricate the nipple during breast-feeding.乳晕包含的小腺体，称为蒙哥马利腺，这润滑乳头在母乳喂养。 Fat fills the spaces between the lobes and ducts.脂肪填补了空间之间的叶和管道。 There are no muscles in the breasts, but the pectoral or chest muscles lie under each breast and cover the ribs.有没有肌肉，乳房，但胸部或胸部肌肉在于每个乳腺癌和覆盖的肋骨。

Each breast also contains blood vessels, as well as vessels that carry a fluid called lymph.每个乳房也包含血管，以及船只进行流体称为淋巴结。 Lymph travels throughout the body through a network called the lymphatic system, carrying cells that help the body fight infections.淋巴结旅行整个身体通过网络称为淋巴系统，进行细胞，帮助身体作斗争的感染。 The lymph vessels lead to the lymph nodes (small, bean-shaped glands).在淋巴管导致淋巴结肿大（小，豆形腺体）。

One group of lymph nodes is located in the armpits, above the collarbone and in the chest.一组淋巴结位于腋下，锁骨以上，并在胸部。 If breast cancer has reached these nodes, it may mean that cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system.如果乳腺癌已达到这些节点上，它可能意味着，癌细胞已扩散到身体的其他部位经淋巴系统。 Lymph nodes are also found in many other parts of the body.淋巴结中也可以找到许多身体的其它部位。

Breast development and function depend on the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which are produced in the ovaries.乳房发育和功能取决于荷尔蒙雌激素和孕激素，这是产生于卵巢癌。 Estrogen elongates the ducts and causes them to create side branches.雌激素鱼导管和原因他们创造一方分支机构。 Progesterone increases the number and size of the lobules in order to prepare the breast for nourishing a baby.孕激素增加的数量和规模的小叶为了准备乳腺癌的滋补一个婴儿。

After ovulation, progesterone makes the breast cells grow and blood vessels enlarge and fill with blood.排卵后，孕激素使乳腺细胞的生长和血管扩大，并填写了鲜血。 At this time, the breasts often become engorged with fluid and may be tender and swollen.此时，乳房往往成为engorged液体，可能是投标和肿胀。

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center .审查由医生在克利夫兰诊所陶癌症研究中心。

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