Gingivitis, also generally called gum disease or periodontal disease, describes the events that begin with bacterial growth in your mouth and may end – if not properly treated – with tooth loss due to destruction of the tissue that surrounds your teeth.牙龈炎，一般也称为牙周病或牙周疾病，介绍了事件的开始与细菌生长在你的嘴，并可能最终-如果得不到妥善处理-与牙齿脱落由于破坏组织，围绕着你的牙齿。

What's the Difference Between Gingivitis and Periodontitis?之间的区别是什么牙龈炎和牙周炎？

Gingivitis usually precedes periodontitis.牙龈炎通常是先牙周炎。 However, it is important to know that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis.但是，它重要的是要知道，并不是所有的牙龈炎发展为牙周炎。

In the early stage of gingivitis, bacteria in plaque build up, causing the gums to become inflamed (red and swollen) and often easily bleed during tooth brushing.早期牙龈炎，牙菌斑中的细菌建立，造成牙龈发炎，成为（红肿） ，往往容易出血在刷牙。 Although the gums may be irritated, the teeth are still firmly planted in their sockets.虽然牙龈可能会激怒，牙齿仍然坚定地种植的插座。 No irreversible bone or other tissue damage has occurred at this stage.没有不可逆转的骨或其他组织损伤发生在这个阶段。

When gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis.当牙龈炎是不及时治疗，它可以事先向牙周炎。 In a person with periodontitis, the inner layer of the gum and bone pull away from the teeth and form pockets.在一个人牙周炎，内层的口香糖和骨拉远离牙齿和形式口袋里。 These small spaces between teeth and gums collect debris and can become infected.这些小空间之间的牙齿和牙龈收集碎片可以成为感染。 The body's immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line.人体的免疫系统对细菌打架的斑块的传播和增长低于胶线。

Toxins or poisons – produced by the bacteria in plaque as well as the body's "good" enzymes involved in fighting infections – start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.毒素或毒药-所产生的菌斑中的细菌以及人体的“好”的酶参与战斗的感染-开始打破骨骼和结缔组织持有牙齿到位。 As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed.随着病情的发展，深化的口袋，更口香糖组织和骨被摧毁。 When this happens, teeth are no longer anchored in place, they become looser, and tooth loss occurs.在这种情况下，牙齿不再是立足于地方，他们成为松散的，和牙齿脱落现象。 Gum disease, in fact, is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.牙龈疾病，事实上，是导致牙齿脱落的成年人。

What Causes Periodontal Disease?是什么原因导致牙周疾病？

Plaque is the primary cause of periodontal disease.斑块是首要原因牙周病。 However, other factors can contribute to gum disease.然而，其他因素可以促进牙床疾病。 These include:这些措施包括：

• Hormonal changes such as those occurring during pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and monthly menstruation-make gums more sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to develop. 荷尔蒙变化 ，如发生在怀孕，青春期，更年期，每月月经，使牙龈更敏感，这使得它更容易牙龈炎发展。
• Hormonal changes such as those occurring during pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and monthly menstruation -- make gums more sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to develop. 荷尔蒙变化 ，如发生在怀孕，青春期，更年期，每月月经-使牙龈更敏感，这使得它更容易牙龈炎发展。
• Illnesses may affect the condition of your gums. 疾病可能会影响到你的条件牙龈。 This includes diseases such as cancer or HIV that interfere with the immune system.这包括疾病，如癌症或感染艾滋病毒的干扰免疫系统。 Because diabetes affects the body's ability to use blood sugar, patients with this disease are at higher risk of developing infections, including periodontal disease.由于糖尿病会影响身体的能力，使用血糖患者，这种疾病正处于高风险的发展感染，牙周疾病等。
• Medications can affect oral health because some lessen the flow of saliva, which has a protective effect on teeth and gums. 药物可能会影响口腔健康，因为有些减少流通唾液，具有保护作用的牙齿和牙龈。 Some drugs, such as the anticonvulsant medication Dilantin and the anti-angina drug Procardia and Adalat, can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue.某些药物，如抗癫痫药物苯妥英钠和抗心绞痛的药物Procardia和拜，可能导致生长异常口香糖组织。
• Bad habits such as smoking make it harder for gum tissue to repair itself. 坏习惯如吸烟使它更难口香糖组织自行修复。
• Poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing and flossing on a daily basis, make it easier for gingivitis to develop. 口腔卫生不良习惯 ，如不能刷牙和flossing每天的基础上，更容易牙龈炎发展。
• Family history of dental disease can be a contributing factor for the development of gingivitis. 家族病史的牙科疾病可以是一个促进因素的发展牙龈炎。