Arthritis: Bursitis关节炎：滑囊炎

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Sunday, 13 January 2008星期天， 08年一月十三日

What Is Bursitis?滑囊炎是什么？

Bursitis is the inflammation or irritation of the bursa.滑囊炎是炎症或刺激囊。 The bursa is a sac filled with lubricating fluid, located between tissues such as bone, muscle, tendons, and skin, that decreases rubbing, friction, and irritation.在囊囊是一种充满润滑液，位于组织如骨骼，肌肉，肌腱，皮肤，即减少摩擦，摩擦和刺激。

What Causes Bursitis?滑囊炎是什么原因？

This condition is most often caused by repetitive, minor impact on the area, or from a sudden, more serious injury.这种情况往往是造成重复，影响较小的地区，或者从突然，更严重的伤害。 Age also plays a role.年龄也发挥了作用。 As tendons age they are able to tolerate stress less, are less elastic, and are easier to tear.随着年龄肌腱他们能够忍受压力少，低弹性，并更容易断裂。

Overuse or injury to the joint at work or play can also increase a person's risk.过度或伤害的联合工作或玩也可以提高一个人的风险。 Examples of high-risk activities include gardening, raking, carpentry, shoveling, painting, scrubbing, tennis, golf, skiing, throwing, and pitching.例如高风险的活动，包括园艺，耙，木工，铲土，油漆，洗涤，网球，高尔夫，滑雪，摔，和投球。 Incorrect posture at work or home and poor stretching or conditioning before exercise can also lead to bursitis.不正确的姿态在工作中或家庭和贫困空调伸展或之前行使也可导致滑囊炎。

An abnormal or poorly placed bone or joint (such as length differences in your legs or arthritis in a joint) can put added stress on a bursa sac, causing bursitis.异常或放置不当骨或关节（如长度差异，您的腿或关节炎的联合）可以提出补充强调了囊囊，造成滑囊炎。 Stress or inflammation from other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, thyroid disorders, or unusual medication reactions may also increase a person's risk.应激或炎症从其他条件，如类风湿关节炎，痛风，银屑病性关节炎，甲状腺疾病，或不寻常的药物反应也可能会增加一个人的风险。 In addition, an infection can occasionally lead to inflammation of a bursa.此外，感染有时会导致炎症的囊。

Who Usually Gets Bursitis?谁通常得到滑囊炎？

Bursitis is more common in adults, especially in those over 40 years of age.滑囊炎是较常见于成年人，尤其是在那些40岁以上。

What Parts of the Body Does Bursitis Affect?什么部位是否滑囊炎影响？

Base of the thumb相应的拇指
Elbow弯头
Shoulder肩
Hip髋关节
Knee膝关节
Achilles tendon跟腱

What Are the Symptoms of Bursitis?是什么症状的滑囊炎？

The most common symptom is pain at the site of the bursa and beyond.最常见的症状是疼痛在现场的囊和超越。 The pain may be a gradual buildup or sudden and severe, especially if calcium deposits are present.疼痛可能是一个渐进的建设或突然和严重，特别是如果钙的存款都存在。 Loss of motion in the shoulder -- called "adhesive capsulitis" or frozen shoulder -- can also be a sign of bursitis.损失的议案的肩膀-所谓的“粘合剂c apsulitis”或冻结肩-也可以是一个标志滑囊炎。

How Can I Prevent Bursitis?如何防止滑囊炎？

Bursitis can be prevented with a gradual buildup in activities, with limited force and limited repetitions.滑囊炎是可以预防的逐步集结活动，以有限的力量和有限的重复。 Stop what you are doing if unusual pain occurs.停止自己在做什么，如果发生不寻常的疼痛。 Try again later and if pain recurs, do not continue the activity that day.请稍后再试，如果疼痛复发，不要继续这一天的活动。

How Is Bursitis Treated?滑囊炎是如何处理？

Bursitis can be treated in a number of ways, including:滑囊炎可以治疗多种方式，包括：

Avoiding activities that aggravate the problem.避免活动，使问题恶化。
Resting the injured area.休息受伤的地区。
Icing the area the day of the injury.结冰的地区，一天的伤害。
Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines.以柜台体抗炎药。

If the condition does not improve in a week, see your doctor.如果条件不改善的一个星期，看到你的医生。

Your doctor can also prescribe medications to reduce the inflammation.你的医生也可以开药，以减少炎症。 Corticosteroids, also known as "steroids," are often used because they work quickly to decrease the inflammation and pain.皮质类固醇，也称为“类固醇” ，往往是因为他们利用快速的工作，以减少炎症和疼痛。 Steroids are also one of the safest treatment methods and can be injected directly at the site of injury.类固醇也最安全的治疗方法，可直接注射在现场的伤害。 Unfortunately, 30% of people may not get complete relief from one injection and 2% of people may even get worse.不幸的是， 30 ％的人可能得不到完整的救济从一个注射液和2 ％的人甚至会变得更糟。 Another disadvantage is that for recurrent cases, it is not safe to administer steroids frequently (more than every three months).另一个不利之处是，经常情况下，它是不是安全管理类固醇经常（超过每3个月）。

Physical therapy is another treatment option that is often used, especially for a frozen shoulder.物理疗法是治疗方法是经常使用，特别是对一个冻结肩。 This includes range of motion exercises and splinting (thumb, forearm, or bands).这包括一系列的动作练习和夹板（拇指，前臂，或带）。

Surgery, although rarely needed, may be an option when bursitis does not respond to the other treatment options.外科手术，虽然很少需要，可能是一种选择时，滑囊炎不响应其它治疗方案。