Psoriasis - Medications银屑病-药物

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Wednesday, 28 November 2007星期三， 2007年11月28

Medications applied to the skin or taken by mouth are usually used to treat psoriasis.药物治疗适用于皮肤或采取的嘴通常是用来治疗牛皮癣。 For moderate or severe cases, topical and oral medications may be combined with exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) light.对于中度或严重的情况下，局部和口服药物可结合暴露于日光或紫外线（ UV ）光。 In rare cases, medications may be injected into a psoriasis sore or patch.在罕见的情况下，药物可注入牛皮癣酸痛或修补程序。

Softening and removing psoriasis crusts and scale can help creams and other skin products be absorbed into the skin.软化和消除牛皮癣结壳和规模可以帮助面霜和其他护肤产品被吸收到皮肤。 Psoriasis crusts can be removed by gently rubbing cream into the crusts to soften them and then carefully peeling the crusted patches off.银屑病壳可除去霜轻轻擦到壳软化他们，然后仔细剥离的地壳补丁了。 However, this should be done with great care so that the skin is not irritated.然而，这一工作应非常谨慎，使皮肤没有刺激。

Scalp and nail psoriasis can be difficult to treat.头皮和指甲牛皮癣是难以治疗。 Both conditions are more likely to improve with oral medication.这两个条件，更有可能得到改善，口服药物。 Treatment for the scalp often includes tar shampoos, corticosteroid solutions, or zinc and selenium sulfide shampoos.治疗头皮往往包括焦油洗发水，糖皮质激素的解决办法，或锌，硒硫化物的洗发水。

If you are taking topical or oral medications for psoriasis, you will need regular follow-up visits with your doctor to check for possible side effects or skin cancer.如果您正在考虑局部或口服药物牛皮癣，您将需要定期随访和你的医生检查可能带来的副作用或皮肤癌。 You may take one medication for a while, then switch to another to reduce the chance that a serious side effect will occur.您可能会采取一种药物一段时间，然后再切换到另一个，以减少机会，一个严重的副作用会发生。

Occlusion 闭塞

The occlusion treatment method uses moisturizers or medicated creams or gels applied to the skin.在闭塞的治疗方法使用保湿剂或药霜或凝胶适用于皮肤。 After the products are applied, the skin is then wrapped with tape, material, or plastic.在产品的应用，皮肤，然后用胶带包裹，材料，或塑料。 Occlusion keeps the area moist and can increase the effectiveness of medicated creams.闭塞的地区保持湿润，并可以增加效益药霜。 Steroid cream may be used with the occlusion treatment method for small areas, but not for more than a few days. ⁵ Occlusion of large areas may cause side effects such as thinning of the skin.类固醇霜可用于治疗方法闭塞的小领域，但不得超过几天。 ^五日闭塞的广大地区可能会产生副作用，例如变薄的皮肤。

Medication Choices用药选择

Topical medications to treat psoriasis include:外用药物治疗牛皮癣包括：

Corticosteroids.皮质类固醇。 Corticosteroids are the most common treatment for psoriasis. ¹⁰皮质类固醇是最常见的治疗牛皮癣。 ^十日
Calcipotriene, which contains vitamin D ₃ . Calcipotriene ，其中包含维生素D _{3 。}
Retinoids, including tazarotene and acitretin.维甲酸，包括他扎罗汀和阿维A 。
Anthralin and tars.蒽林和焦油。 The use of anthralin and tars has decreased recently, replaced by other medications such as calcipotriene and tazarotene. ⁵使用蒽林和焦油最近有所下降，取而代之的是其他药物，如calcipotriene和他扎罗汀。 ^五日
Zinc pyrithione.锌pyrithione 。 Zinc pyrithione (for example, Derma-Cap) is a new product available without a prescription that comes in spray, soap, or solution form.锌pyrithione （例如，皮肤帽）是一种新的产品提供无处方来喷雾，肥皂，或解决方案的形式。 It is used to treat small patches of psoriasis and symptoms, including itching, redness, flaking, and scaling of the skin.它是用来治疗小块牛皮癣症状，包括发痒，发红，剥落，并缩放的皮肤。 It is also used to treat psoriasis of the scalp.它也用于治疗银屑病的头皮上。 For some people, it appears to eliminate scales and sores caused by psoriasis.对于一些人来说，它似乎消除表和溃疡引起的牛皮癣。 Very few studies of zinc pyrithione have been completed.只有极少数研究锌pyrithione已经完成。

Oral medications to treat psoriasis include:口服药物治疗牛皮癣包括：

Retinoids.维甲酸。
Cyclosporine.环孢素。
Methotrexate.甲氨蝶呤。

Newer medicines, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of psoriasis, are available.较新的药品，批准了美国食品和药物管理局（ FDA ）治疗牛皮癣，可用。 Biologics, which must be injected, modify the immune system response that produces the symptoms of psoriasis.生物制品，它必须注入，修改免疫系统反应，产生的症状牛皮癣。 Early clinical trials of biologic therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis have produced promising results, but the drugs are expensive and long-term effects are not known. ^{11, 12}早期临床试验的生物疗法的中度至重度牛皮癣产生了可喜的成果，但昂贵的药物和长期影响尚不清楚。 ^{11日， 12日}

Alefacept (Amevive), efalizumab (Raptiva), and etanercept (Enbrel) have been approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Alefacept （ Amevive ）， efalizumab （ Raptiva ）和依那西普（ Enbrel ）已经批准了美国治疗中度至重度牛皮癣。
Infliximab (Remicade), which is used to treat other inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, is beginning to be used for psoriasis with good results. ¹¹英（昔单抗），这是用来治疗其他炎症性疾病，如类风湿关节炎，正开始被用于牛皮癣收到了良好效果。 ^11日
Etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab (Humira) have been approved to treat psoriatic arthritis.依那西普，英，和阿达木单抗（ Humira的）已经批准用于治疗银屑病性关节炎。

In general, treatment for psoriasis starts with topical medications, such as corticosteroids, calcipotriene, and tazarotene. ⁵ These medications may be used alone or in combination.一般来说，治疗牛皮癣开始局部药物，如类固醇， calcipotriene ，和他扎罗汀。 ^5这些药物可单独使用或合并。

If these medications are unsuccessful, phototherapy or psoralens plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) may be used.如果这些药物是不成功的，光线或psoralens加紫外线（疗法）可使用。
If the above treatments are not successful, oral medications, such as cyclosporine, may be tried.如果上述治疗并不成功，口服药物，如环孢素，可能受到审判。

For severe cases of psoriasis, certain medications (such as tars, anthralin, calcipotriene, tazarotene, and psoralens) may be combined with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.对于情节严重的牛皮癣，某些药物（如焦油，蒽林， calcipotriene ，他扎罗汀，并psoralens ）可结合暴露于紫外线（ UV ）光。 Examples include combinations of:例子包括组合：

Psoralen and UVA light (called PUVA).补骨脂素和长波紫外线灯（所谓的疗法）。
Tars and UVB light (called Goeckerman treatment).焦油和UVB光（称为Goeckerman治疗）。
Anthralin and UVB light (called the Ingram regimen).蒽林和UVB光（称为英格拉姆方案）。

Treatments that are known to be effective for psoriasis include calcipotriol (made from vitamin D) and PUVA.疗法，被称为是有效的牛皮癣包括钙（从维生素D ）和疗法。 Other treatments, including tazarotene, etanercept, and UVB phototherapy, are likely to help, but research is less clear.其他治疗方法，其中包括他扎罗汀，依那西普，和UVB光线，很可能会有所帮助，但研究是不太清楚。 While topical corticosteroids, the most common treatment for psoriasis, may be effective, they also may be harmful if not used carefully according to directions. ¹³ The new biologic therapies have been shown to be effective in the short term, but no long-term results are available yet.虽然局部皮质类固醇，最常见的治疗牛皮癣，可有效地，他们也可能是有害的，如果不被用来仔细按照指示。 ^13个新的生物疗法已被证明是有效的在短期内，但没有长期效果还可以。

What To Think About什么思考

People respond differently to psoriasis treatments.人民应对不同的银屑病治疗。 A treatment that worked once may not work again. A治疗后的工作可能无法正常工作了。 A treatment that didn't work the first time may work when tried again later. A治疗没有工作第一次工作时，可稍后再次尝试。

Many oral medications for psoriasis have serious side effects, such as liver and kidney damage or cancer.许多口服药物对牛皮癣有严重的副作用，如肝脏和肾脏受损或癌症。 Be sure that the treatment you choose does not have side effects that are more dangerous than the condition you are treating.肯定的是，您选择治疗没有副作用，更危险的条件比你治疗。

You and your doctor will need to discuss how long to use treatments that have serious potential side effects.您和您的医生将要讨论如何使用长期治疗有严重的潜在副作用。 You will also need to see your doctor frequently and may have blood tests regularly while using some medications.您还需要看到你的医生往往并可能抽血化验，同时定期使用某些药物。

Many medications used to treat psoriasis are not safe during pregnancy.许多药物用于治疗银屑病没有在怀孕期间的安全。 If you are pregnant, talk to your doctor before taking any medications.如果您是孕妇，谈论你的医生之前，采取任何药物。

Researchers are studying other drugs for their safety and effectiveness in treating psoriasis.研究人员正在研究其他药物的安全性和有效性银屑病治疗。 These include drugs that alter the immune system and some used to treat cancer.这些措施包括药物，改变了免疫系统和一些用来治疗癌症。

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