Bookmark Us书签我们   Health AZ Guides亚利桑那州卫生指南 | Home 家  ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合症-急性呼吸窘迫综合征 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ ARDS ）
What Is ARDS? 急性呼吸窘迫综合征是什么？
 ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is breathing failure that can occur in critically ill persons with underlying illnesses.并发ARDS （急性呼吸窘迫综合征）是呼吸衰竭，可发生在危重者疾病。 It is not a specific disease.它不是一个具体的疾病。 Instead, it is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is severe fluid buildup in both lungs.相反，它是一种危及生命的情况发生时，严重的液体积聚在肺部。 The fluid buildup prevents the lungs from working properly—that is, allowing the transfer of oxygen from air into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body into the air.流体建设妨碍肺部的正常工作产生影响，也就是说，允许转让的氧气从空气进入人体和二氧化碳从身体到空气中。
In ARDS, the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the lungs or the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged because of an infection, injury, blood loss, or inhalation injury.在急性呼吸窘迫综合征的微小血管（毛细血管）在肺部或空气囊（泡）被损坏，因为感染，损伤，失血，或吸入性损伤。 Fluid leaks from the blood vessels into air sacs of the lungs.流体泄漏血管入空气囊的肺部。 While some air sacs fill with fluid, others collapse.虽然一些空气囊填充液体，其他崩溃。 When the air sacs collapse or fill up with fluid, the lungs can no longer fill properly with air and the lungs become stiff.当空气囊倒塌或填补液体，肺部再也不能填补适当的空气和肺部变得僵硬。 Without air entering the lungs properly, the amount of oxygen in the blood drops.没有空气进入肺部正常，氧气量血液中的下降。 When this happens, the person with ARDS must be given extra oxygen and may need the help of a breathing machine.在这种情况下，该人急性呼吸窘迫综合征必须给予额外的氧气和可能需要的帮助下，呼吸机。
Breathing failure can occur very quickly after the condition begins.呼吸衰竭，就可能发生后，很快开始的条件。 It may take only a day or two for fluid to build up.它可能只需要一，两天流体建立。 The process that causes ARDS may continue for weeks.这个过程，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征可能持续几个星期。 If scarring occurs, this will make it harder for the lungs to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.如果疤痕出现，这将使它更难肺部采取的氧气和排除二氧化碳。
In the past, only about 4 out of 10 people who developed ARDS survived.在过去，只有约4个10人谁开发急性呼吸窘迫综合征存活。 But today, with good care in a hospital's intensive or critical care unit, many people (about 7 out of 10) with ARDS survive.但今天，与良好的照顾在医院的密集或关键重症监护病房，许多人（约7 10 ）急性呼吸窘迫综合征生存。 Although many people who survive ARDS make a full recovery, some survivors have lasting damage to their lungs.尽管许多人生存急性呼吸窘迫综合征谁作出全面复苏，一些幸存者持久的损害他们的肺部。
How Do the Lungs Work? 如何肺脏工作？
To understand ARDS, it is helpful to understand how your lungs work.为了了解急性呼吸窘迫综合征，这是有助于了解你的肺部的工作。
Normal lung function.正常肺的功能。 A slice of normal lung looks like a pink sponge—filled with tiny bubbles or holes.一片正常肺看起来像粉红色的海绵充满了微小的气泡或洞。 Around each bubble is a fine network of tiny blood vessels.在每个泡沫是一种优良的网络微小血管。 These bubbles surrounded by blood vessels give the lungs a large surface to exchange oxygen (into the blood where it is carried throughout the body) and carbon dioxide (out of the blood).这些气泡周围血管使肺部表面大量交换氧气（进入血液而进行整个机构）和二氧化碳（出血液） 。 This process is called gas exchange.此过程称为气体交换。 Healthy lungs do this very well.健康的肺做到这一点非常好。
Here's how normal breathing works: 以下是如何正常呼吸工程：
• You breathe in air through your nose and mouth. •您呼吸的空气中通过您的鼻子和嘴巴。 The air travels down through your windpipe (trachea) through large and small tubes in your lungs called bronchial (BRON-kee-ul) tubes.空中旅行下跌通过您的气管（气管）通过大国和小管在您所谓的支气管肺（支气管记- UL ）的管。 The larger ones are bronchi (BRONK-eye), and the smaller tubes are bronchioles (BRON-kee-oles).较大的是支气管（ BRONK眼） ，较小的管支气管（支气管记- oles ） 。 Sometimes we use the word "airways" to refer to the various tubes or passages that air must travel from the nose and mouth into the lungs.有时我们用“气道”来指各种管或通道，空中旅行必须从鼻子和嘴巴进入肺部。 The airways in your lungs look something like an upside-down tree with many branches.该航空公司在您的肺部看起来就像一个倒树有许多分支机构。
• At the ends of the small bronchial tubes, there are groups of tiny bubbles called air sacs or alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye). •在两端的小气管，有群体的微小气泡称为空气囊或肺泡（基地V型，乌赫尔眼） 。 The bubbles have very thin walls, and small blood vessels called capillaries are next to them.在泡沫已经非常薄的墙壁，和小血管所谓的毛细血管是他们旁边。 Oxygen passes from the air sacs into the blood in these small blood vessels.通行证氧从空气囊进入血液中这些小血管。 At the same time, carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air sacs.与此同时，二氧化碳通过从血液进入空气囊。
Effects of ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征的影响
In ARDS, the tiny blood vessels leak too much fluid into the lung.在急性呼吸窘迫综合征的微小血管渗漏太多流体进入肺部。 This results from toxins (poisons) that the body produces in response to the underlying illness or injury.这是由于毒素（毒药） ，该机构针对生产的基本生病或受伤。 The lungs become like a wet sponge, heavy and stiffer than normal.肺部变得像一个湿海绵，重型和严厉高于正常。 They no longer provide the effective surface for gas exchange, and the level of oxygen in the blood falls.他们不再提供有效的表面为气体交换，以及一级的氧气的血液减少。 If ARDS is severe and goes on for some time, scar tissue called fibrosis may form in the lungs.如果是严重的急性呼吸窘迫综合征，并继续一段时间，所谓的瘢痕组织纤维化可能形成的肺部。 The scarring also makes it harder for gas exchange to occur.的疤痕也使得它更难气体交换发生。
People who develop ARDS need extra oxygen and may need a breathing machine to breathe for them while their lungs try to heal.人们谁开发急性呼吸窘迫综合征需要额外的氧气和可能需要呼吸机呼吸为他们而他们的肺部尝试愈合。 If they survive, ARDS patients may have a full recovery.如果他们生存，急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者可能有一个全面复苏的阶段。 Recovery can take weeks or months.回收可以采取几个星期或几个月。 Some ARDS survivors take a year or longer to recover, and some never completely recover from having ARDS.一些急性呼吸窘迫综合征的幸存者需要一年或更长的时间才能恢复，一些从来没有完全恢复过来了急性呼吸窘迫综合征。
Other Names for ARDS 其他名称为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
• Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome •成人呼吸窘迫综合症
• Stiff lung •刚性肺癌
• Shock lung •休克肺
• Wet lung •湿肺
There is a similar condition in infants called Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS, RDS, and hyaline membrane disease).也有类似的情况在婴幼儿所谓的婴幼儿呼吸窘迫综合征（提示，策略和肺透明膜病） 。 It mainly affects premature infants whose lungs are not well developed when they are born.它主要影响早产儿的肺部没有得到很好开发当他们出生。
What Causes ARDS? 急性呼吸窘迫综合征的起因是什么？
The causes of ARDS are not well understood.在ARDS的原因没有得到很好的理解。 It can occur in many situations and in persons with or without a lung disease.它可以发生在许多情况下和人有或没有肺部疾病。
There are two ways that lung injury leading to ARDS can occur: through a direct injury to the lungs, or indirectly when a person is very sick or has a serious bodily injury.有两种方式，肺损伤，导致可能发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征：通过直接损伤肺组织，或间接当一个人病得很厉害，或有严重身体伤害。 However, most sick or badly injured persons do not develop ARDS.然而，大多数病人或严重受伤的人不发展急性呼吸窘迫综合征。
Direct lung injury.直接肺损伤。 A direct injury to the lungs may result from breathing in harmful substances or an infection in the lungs.直接伤害到肺部可能导致呼吸有害物质或感染的肺部。 Some direct lung injuries that can lead to ARDS include:一些直接肺损伤，可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征包括：
• Severe pneumonia (infection in the lungs) •重症肺炎（感染肺）
• Breathing in vomited stomach contents •呼吸呕吐胃内容
• Breathing in harmful fumes or smoke •呼吸有害气体或烟雾
• A severe blow to the chest or other accident that bruises the lungs. •一个严重的打击，胸部或其他意外擦伤肺部。
Indirect lung injury.间接肺损伤。 Most cases of ARDS happen in people who are very ill or who have been in a major accident.大多数情况下，发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征的人谁是谁生病或已经发生重大事故。 This is sometimes called an "indirect lung injury."这是有时称为“间接肺损伤。 ” Less is known about how indirect injuries lead to ARDS than about how direct injuries to the lungs cause ARDS.减了解如何间接损伤导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征比如何直接伤害到肺部导致呼吸窘迫综合征。 Indirect lung injury leading to ARDS sometimes occurs in cases of:间接肺损伤，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征中可能出现的情况：
• Severe and widespread bacterial infection in the body (sepsis) •严重和普遍的细菌感染人体（败血症）
• Severe injury with shock •严重损伤合并休克
• Severe bleeding requiring blood transfusions •严重出血，需要输血
• Drug overdose •药物过量
• Inflamed pancreas. •炎症胰腺。
It is not clear why some very sick or seriously injured people develop ARDS, and others do not.目前尚不清楚为什么有些病得很厉害或严重受伤的人制定急性呼吸窘迫综合征和其他人没有。 Researchers are trying to find out why ARDS develops and how to prevent it.研究人员正试图找出原因急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发展，以及如何防止它。
Who Gets ARDS? 谁得到急性呼吸窘迫综合征？
ARDS usually affects people who are being treated for another serious illness or those who have had major injuries.急性呼吸窘迫综合征的人通常会影响到谁正在接受治疗的另一种严重的疾病或谁有重大伤亡。 It affects about 150,000 people each year in the United States.它影响到约150000人，每年在美国。 ARDS can occur in people with or without a previous lung disease.急性呼吸窘迫综合征可以发生在人有或没有以前的肺部疾病。 People who have a serious accident with a large blood loss are more likely to develop ARDS.人们谁产生严重的事故有大量失血更容易发展急性呼吸窘迫综合征。 However, only a small portion of people who have problems that can lead to ARDS actually develop it.然而，只有一小部分人谁有问题，可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征实际开发。
In most cases, a person who develops ARDS is already in the hospital, being treated for other medical problems.在大多数情况下，一个人呼吸窘迫综合征谁开发已经在医院里，正在接受治疗的其他医疗问题。 Some illnesses or injuries that can lead to ARDS include:有些疾病或损伤，可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征包括：
 • Serious, widespread infection in the body (sepsis) •严重，普遍感染的机构（败血症）
• Severe injury (trauma) and shock from a car crash, fire, or other cause •严重损伤（外伤）及休克，从一场车祸，火灾，或其他原因
• Severe bleeding that requires blood transfusions •严重出血，需要输血
• Severe pneumonia (infection of the lungs) •重症肺炎（感染肺）
• Breathing in vomited stomach contents •呼吸呕吐胃内容
• Breathing in smoke or harmful gases and fumes •呼吸在烟雾或有害气体和烟雾
• Injury to the chest from trauma (such as a car accident) that causes bruising of the lungs •损伤，胸部创伤（如车祸） ，导致擦伤肺部
• Nearly drowning •近溺水
• Some drug overdoses. •一些药物过量。
Signs and Symptoms of ARDS 症状和体征的急性呼吸窘迫综合征
The major signs and symptoms of ARDS are:主要症状和体征ARDS的是：
• Shortness of breath •呼吸急促
• Fast, labored breathing •快速，吃力的呼吸
• A bluish skin color (due to a low level of oxygen in the blood) •一个蓝色皮肤颜色（由于低水平的氧在血液中）
• Lower amount of oxygen in the blood. •较低数额的氧在血液中。
Doctors and other health care providers watch for these signs and symptoms in patients who have conditions that might lead to ARDS.医生和其他卫生保健提供者观看这些症状和体征的病人谁有可能导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征。 People who develop ARDS may be too sick to complain about having trouble breathing or other related symptoms.人们谁开发急性呼吸窘迫综合征可能过于病人抱怨呼吸困难或其他相关症状。 If a patient shows signs of developing ARDS, doctors will do tests to confirm that ARDS is the problem.如果患者有迹象显示发展中国家急性呼吸窘迫综合征，医生会检验证实，急性呼吸窘迫综合征的问题。
ARDS is often associated with the failure of other organs and body systems.急性呼吸窘迫综合征通常伴随着失败的其他机关和机构体系。 They include the liver, kidneys, and the immune system.它们包括肝，肾，以及免疫系统。 Multiple organ failure often leads to death.多器官功能衰竭常常导致死亡。
How is ARDS Diagnosed? 如何诊断是急性呼吸窘迫综合征？
Doctors diagnose ARDS when:医生诊断时，急性呼吸窘迫综合征：
• A person suffering from severe infection or injury develops breathing problems •一个人患有严重的感染或受伤开发呼吸困难
• A chest x-ray shows fluid in the air sacs of both lungs •胸部X光透视显示流体在空气囊的肺部
• Blood tests show a low level of oxygen in the blood •血液化验表明，低水平的氧在血液中
• Other conditions that could cause breathing problems have been ruled out. •其他条件，可能导致呼吸问题都得到了排除。
ARDS can be confused with other illnesses that have similar symptoms.急性呼吸窘迫综合征可以混淆与其他疾病也有类似的症状。 The most important is congestive heart failure.最重要的是充血性心力衰竭。 In congestive heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs because the heart is weak and cannot pump well.在充血性心力衰竭，流体备份到肺部，因为心脏薄弱，不能泵以及。 However, there is no injury to the lungs in congestive heart failure.然而，没有伤害到肺部充血性心力衰竭。 Since a chest x-ray is abnormal for both ARDS and congestive heart failure, it is sometimes very difficult to tell them apart.由于胸部X光异常为急性呼吸窘迫综合征和充血性心力衰竭，它有时很难告诉他们分开。
How is ARDS Treated? 如何治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征？
Patients with ARDS are usually treated in the intensive or critical care unit of a hospital.急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者通常是在治疗紧张或关键重症监护病房的医院。 The main concern in treating ARDS is getting enough oxygen into the blood until the lungs heal enough to work on their own again.主要的关注治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征是获得足够的氧气进入血液，直到治愈肺部足够的工作，自己的一次。 The following are important ways that ARDS patients are treated.以下是重要的方式，急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的治疗。
Extra oxygen. The main treatment is giving a higher concentration of oxygen than that found in normal air, enough to raise blood levels of oxygen to safe levels. 额外的氧气。主要的治疗是使高浓度的氧气比发现，在正常的空气，足以使血液中氧的安全水平。 At first, this can sometimes be done with a face mask.首先，这有时会做的面罩。 A face mask can deliver oxygen at a concentration of 40-60 percent.口罩能提供氧气浓度为百分之40-60 。 As the ARDS progresses over hours or days, the patient may need a higher level of oxygen than a face mask can give.由于急性呼吸窘迫综合征的进展超过几小时或几天内，病人可能需要更高水平的氧气比面罩可以提供。
As the patient becomes tired from breathing so hard, it may become necessary to connect the patient a breathing machine (ventilator).由于病人变得疲惫呼吸如此艰苦，可能需要连接病人呼吸机（呼吸机） 。 This can be done by placing a tube through the mouth or nose into the windpipe (trachea) in a procedure called endotracheal intubation (or just intubation) and connecting the tube to the ventilator.这可以通过放置导管通过口或鼻进入气管（气管）的程序要求气管插管（或插管）和连接管呼吸器。 Sometimes the connecting tube is inserted through a surgical opening in the neck (tracheotomy).有时候，连接管插入手术通过开放的颈部（气管切开术） 。 The breathing machine can be set to help or completely control breathing.在呼吸机可以设定为帮助或完全控制呼吸。 It will deliver the minimum amount of air every minute.它将提供最低限度的空气每分钟更新一次。 If the extra oxygen and help with breathing are not enough, the breathing machine can be set to Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) to maintain the surface for gas exchange.如果额外的氧气和帮助呼吸是不够的，在呼吸机可设置为呼气末正压（呼气末正压） ，以保持表面的气体交换。
PEEP keeps some air in the lungs at the end of each breath.呼气末正压使空气中的一些肺部年底的每一个呼吸。 It helps keep the air sacs open instead of collapsing.它有助于保持空气囊开放的而不是崩溃。 The setting can be adjusted to fit the needs of the patient.该设置可以进行调整，以适应需要的病人。 There are other settings on the ventilator that control the number of breaths per minute (rate control) and the amount of air the ventilator uses to inflate the lungs in each breath (tidal volume).还有其他的设置，控制呼吸的次数，每分钟呼吸（速率控制）和数额的空气呼吸器使用夸大的肺部呼吸在每个（潮气量） 。
Medicines. Many different kinds of medicines are used to treat ARDS patients. 药品。许多不同种类的药物是用于治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者。 Some kinds of medicines often used include:几种常用药物包括：
• Antibiotics to fight infection •抗生素防治感染
• Pain relievers •止痛
• Drugs to relieve anxiety and keep the patient calm and from "fighting" the breathing machine •药品，以减轻焦虑，保持冷静和耐心的“战斗”的呼吸机
• Drugs to raise blood pressure or stimulate the heart •药品以提高血压或刺激心脏
• Muscle relaxers to prevent movement and reduce the body's demand for oxygen. •肌肉relaxers运动，以防止和减少人体对氧的需求。
Other treatment.其他待遇。 With breathing tubes in place, ARDS patients cannot eat or drink as usual.随着呼吸管到位，急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者不能吃或饮料一如往常。 They must be fed through a feeding tube placed through the nose and into the stomach.他们必须通过一根喂食放置喂食管通过鼻子进入胃。 If this does not work, feeding is done through a vein.如果这不起作用，喂养是通过静脉。 Sometimes a special bed or mattress, such as an airbed, is used to help prevent complications such as pneumonia or bedsores.有时一个特别床或床垫，如空气床，是用来帮助防止并发症，如肺炎或褥疮。 If complications occur, the patient may require treatment for them.如果发生并发症，病人可能需要为他们治疗。
Results. With treatment: 结果。随着待遇：
• Some patients recover quickly and can breathe on their own within a week or so. •有些病人迅速恢复呼吸，可以自己在一个星期内，或做。 They have the best chance of a full recovery.他们最有机会全面复苏。
• Patients whose underlying illness is more severe may die within the first week of treatment. •患者，其根本的疾病更严重的是可能会死在治疗的第一周。
• Those who survive the first week but cannot breathe on their own may face many weeks on the breathing machine. •这些谁生存的第一个星期，但不能呼吸自己可能面临着许多个星期的呼吸机。 They may have complications and a slow recovery if they survive.他们可能并发症和复苏缓慢如果他们生存下去。
Recovering from ARDS 回收急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Some people who survive ARDS heal quickly and recover completely in a relatively short time.有些人谁生存急性呼吸窘迫综合征愈合快，恢复完全在相对较短的时间。 Some are able to have the breathing tube and breathing machine removed in a week or so.有些人能够有呼吸管和呼吸机取消了一个星期左右。 Survivors often recover much of their lung function in the first 3-6 months after leaving the hospital and continue to recover for up to a year or more.幸存者常常收回大量的肺功能在第一3-6个月后离开医院，并继续追讨长达一年或更长时间。
However, others recover more slowly.但是，其他恢复更慢。 Some ARDS survivors never recover completely and have continuing problems with their lungs.急性呼吸窘迫综合征的一些幸存者不会完全恢复，并有继续存在的问题与他们的肺部。 Every case is different.每一个案件是不同的。 People who are younger and healthier when they develop ARDS are more likely to recover quickly than those who are older or who have more health problems.人们谁是年轻和健康发展时，急性呼吸窘迫综合征更有可能迅速恢复比谁是老人或谁拥有更多的健康问题。
ARDS patients who survive the first week but cannot breathe on their own may have to be on a breathing machine for several weeks or longer.谁急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者生存的第一个星期，但不能呼吸自己可能要上呼吸机的几个星期或更长的时间。 These patients often develop complications such as infections or air leaks (see the next section on "Complications of ARDS").这些病人往往并发症，如感染或漏气（见下一节的“并发症的急性呼吸窘迫综合征” ） 。 While some of these patients will die, others will get better and be able to breathe on their own again.虽然其中一些病人会死亡，其他人会更好，并能够呼吸自己了。 Their recovery is usually slow, and they may have continuing problems.它们的复苏通常是缓慢的，他们可能持续存在的问题。
After leaving the hospital, ARDS survivors need to visit a doctor during recovery to check how well their lungs are doing.在离开医院时，呼吸窘迫综合征的幸存者需要去看医生在检查康复以及他们如何肺部正在做的事情。 Doctors use lung function tests to check the lungs.医生使用的肺功能测试，以检查肺部。 Spirometry (speh-ROM-uh-tree) is the most commonly used lung function test.肺（ speh - ROM的那个树）是最常用的肺功能测试。 It involves taking a deep breath and blowing hard into a plastic tube.它涉及到深呼吸，吹硬变成塑料管。 The doctor will also do an oxygen saturation (oximetry) test or a blood test to check the amount of oxygen in the blood.医生也将这样做的血氧饱和度（血氧饱和度）测试或血液测试，以检查数量的氧气在血液中。
After going home from the hospital, the ARDS survivor may need only a little or a lot of help.回家后，从医院，急性呼吸窘迫综合征的幸存者可能只需要很少或很多的帮助。 While recovering from ARDS at home, a person may:虽然恢复呼吸窘迫综合征在家里，一个人可以：
• Need to use oxygen at home or when going out of the home, at least for a while •需要使用氧气在家里或外出时的家庭，至少在一段时间
• Need to have physical, occupational, or other therapy •需要有物理，职业，或其他疗法
• Have shortness of breath, cough, or phlegm (mucus) •有呼吸急促，咳嗽，或痰（粘液）
• Have hoarseness from the breathing tube in the hospital •有声音沙哑的呼吸管在医院
• Feel tired and not have much energy. •感到疲倦，并没有太多的精力。
• Have muscle weakness. •有肌肉无力。
Complications of ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征的并发症
Anyone who stays in the hospital for a long time can get complications.任何谁留在医院很长一段时间可以并发症。 Common complications in ARDS patients are infections with hospital-acquired bacteria and leaks of air out of the lungs into other body spaces.常见并发症的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的感染与医院获得性细菌及空气泄漏出的肺部到其他机构的空格。
• Bacterial infections. •细菌感染。 The lungs or other parts of the body may become infected.肺部或身体的其他部位可能受到感染。 These infections are usually treated with antibiotics after a test to see what kind of bacteria is causing the infection.这些感染通常用抗生素治疗后，测试看看什么样的细菌引起的感染。
• Air leaks. •空气泄漏。 Leaks of air through holes in the lungs are caused by pressure from the breathing machine that is needed to be sure the patient gets enough air and from the very stiff lungs.泄漏的空气通孔在肺部所造成的压力，呼吸机所需要的，以确保病人获得足够的空气，从硬邦邦的肺部。 Air from the injured lungs may enter the space between the lungs and the lining around the lungs (the pleura) and cause a pneumothorax (collapsed lung).空气从肺部受伤可能进入空间之间的肺部和衬砌周围肺（胸膜） ，造成气胸（肺部） 。 Treatment involves using a chest tube and suction to remove the air and help the lungs reinflate.处理涉及使用胸管和吸力，消除空气和帮助肺部reinflate 。 Air may also enter the space between the membranes that line the abdomen (pneumoperitoneum) or the soft tissue under the skin (subcutaneous emphysema).空气也可以输入之间的空间膜该行的腹部（气）或软组织下的皮肤（皮下气肿） 。 These are not usually treated.这些都不是一般的待遇。
Each complication is treated as it arises.每个并发症的治疗，因为它产生的。 Careful hand washing by hospital staff and visitors helps reduce infections, and new breathing machine methods help reduce air leaks.认真洗手由医院工作人员和游客有助于减少感染和呼吸机的新方法有助于减少空气泄漏。
For Family and Friends 为家人和朋友
While your family member or friend is in the hospital being treated for ARDS, you will feel a lot of stress.虽然您的家庭成员或朋友是在医院接受治疗的急性呼吸窘迫综合征，你会感到很大压力。 One day the patient may seem to be recovering, and the next day things may take a turn for the worse.有一天，病人可能似乎是恢复，第二天的事情可能需要恶化。 It can be a scary experience to see someone you care about on a breathing machine.它可以是一个可怕的经验，看到有人关心你的呼吸机。
Several doctors work together to give care to your family member.几个医生共同努力给照顾你的家庭成员。 These doctors are often specialists who are treating different concerns of the patient.这些医生往往是专家谁是不同的关切治疗的病人。 For example, an infectious disease specialist might be involved to help make sure that the initial infection or an infectious complication is properly treated.例如，传染病专家可能参与，以确保最初的感染或传染疾病的并发症是妥善处理。 A lung specialist may be adjusting the settings on the breathing machine and a kidney specialist may be required if kidney failure occurs.肺部专科可调整设置的呼吸机和一个肾脏专家可能需要，如果肾功能衰竭发生。 These doctors talk to each other regularly to make sure that care is given in a coordinated manner.这些医生互相沟通定期，以确保给予照顾，以协调的方式。
There are some things you can do to help, even though you may feel very helpless:有一些东西你可以帮助，即使您可能会感到非常无奈：
• Talk to the doctors, nurses, and other health care providers. •对话的医生，护士和其他医护服务提供者。 Ask questions about the patient's condition and care, and ask how you can support your loved one.提问的病人的病情和照顾，并请您如何支持你所爱的人。
• Talk to the patient, even if he or she is in a drug-induced sleep. •对话的病人，即使他或她是在药物诱导的睡眠。 Talk about fun things you did together and laugh with them about silly things that you did.谈有趣的事情你一起笑的，他们愚蠢的事情，你做到了。 Many survivors say they were, at some level, aware of the people and things around them.许多幸存者说，他们曾在一定程度上，认识到人民和他们周围的事情。 They also recall dreams they had while in the sleep-induced state.他们还记得他们的梦想，而在睡眠诱导状态。 The dreams can be calming or frightening.梦想可以悠闲或令人恐惧。 Talking to the patient about happy and fun things may help make the dreams more positive.浅谈病人的高兴和有趣的事情可能有助于使梦想更积极。
• Ask the hospital staff if you can put family photos near the patient, play music at low volume, or rub lotion into the patient's feet and hands. •询问医院的工作人员如果你可以把家庭照片附近的病人，播放音乐在低量，或擦防晒霜到病人的脚和手。 Many survivors are aware of people and things around them.许多幸存者都知道人民和他们周围的事情。 This may help to trigger their senses of hearing, touch, and seeing.这可能有助于触发感官的听觉，触觉，并看到。
• Leave fears and worries at the door. •留下的恐惧和担忧在门口。 Always go outside the patient's room to talk with the doctor or nurse about the patient's condition.总是以外的病人的房间跟医生或护士对病人的病情。 Make sure everyone is encouraging and hopeful while with the patient.请务必人人是令人鼓舞的，同时希望与耐心。 The patient may sense stress in their presence.病人可能会感到压力的存在。
• Keep a journal or record of events for the patient to read after leaving the hospital. •记日记或记录事件的病人阅读后离开医院。 ARDS survivors want to know every detail of what happened while they were asleep.急性呼吸窘迫综合征的幸存者想知道的每一个细节都发生了什么，而他们是睡着了。
• Remember to take care of yourself, too. •请注意照顾自己了。 Try to get enough rest and sleep, eat well, and get some exercise.尝试得到足够的休息和睡眠，吃得好，并得到一些演习。 Call on other family members and friends to sit with the patient so you can have a break.呼吁其他家庭成员和朋友坐在同病人这样您就可以有一个突破。 Your very sick loved one will need your strength and support over what may be a long recovery period.你非常爱的人生病需要你的力量和支持，可能是一个漫长的恢复期。
The family members and friends of people who have had ARDS often are deeply affected by the experience.家庭成员和朋友的人谁有急性呼吸窘迫综合征往往是深受经验。 The "roller-coaster" ride of emotions while the ARDS patient is in the hospital is exhausting and stressful.在“过山车”乘坐的情绪，而急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者是在医院是用尽和压力。 Caring for the ARDS survivor at home can also be stressful and tiring.照顾急性呼吸窘迫综合征的幸存者在家里也可以紧张和劳累。 Ask for help from others or your health care providers if you need it.请求帮助他人或您的卫生保健提供者如果您需要它。 Most hospitals have individuals such as social workers who can help family member cope with these issues.大多数医院设有个人如社会工作者谁可以帮助家庭成员应对这些问题。
Summary 综述
• ARDS is breathing failure that can occur in critically ill persons with underlying illnesses. •急性呼吸窘迫综合征是呼吸衰竭，可发生在危重者疾病。 It is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is severe fluid build-up in both lungs.这是一个危及生命的情况发生时，严重的流体建立在肺部。
• At one time, about 6 out of 10 people who developed ARDS died. •在同一时间，约6个10人谁开发急性呼吸窘迫综合征死亡。 But today, with good care in a hospital's intensive or critical care unit, about 1 out of 3 dies.但今天，与良好的照顾在医院的密集或重症单位，约1个3死亡。
• The cause of ARDS is not well known. •原因急性呼吸窘迫综合征不是众所周知的。 It can occur in many situations and in persons with or without a lung disease.它可以发生在许多情况下和人有或没有肺部疾病。 Lung injury leading to ARDS can occur through a direct injury to the lungs, or indirectly when a person is very sick or has a serious bodily injury.肺损伤，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征可以通过直接伤害到肺部，或间接当一个人病得很厉害，或有严重身体伤害。
• ARDS usually affects people who are being treated for another serious illness or those who have had major injuries. •急性呼吸窘迫综合征的人通常会影响到谁正在接受治疗的另一种严重的疾病或谁有重大伤亡。 It affects about 150,000 people each year in the United States.它影响到约150000人，每年在美国。
• The major signs and symptoms of ARDS are rapid onset; shortness of breath; fast, labored breathing; high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries; a bluish skin color (due to a low level of oxygen in the blood); and lower amount of oxygen in the blood. •主要症状和体征的急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发病迅速;呼吸急促;快速，吃力的呼吸，血压高的肺动脉，一个蓝色皮肤颜色（由于低水平的氧在血液中） ;和数量减少氧在血液中。
Doctors diagnose ARDS when: 医生诊断时，急性呼吸窘迫综合征：
• A person suffering from severe infection or injury develops breathing problems •一个人患有严重的感染或受伤开发呼吸困难
• A chest x-ray shows fluid in the air sacs of both lungs •胸部X光透视显示流体在空气囊的肺部
• Blood tests show a low level of oxygen in the blood •血液化验表明，低水平的氧在血液中
• Other conditions that could cause breathing problems have been ruled out. •其他条件，可能导致呼吸问题都得到了排除。
• Patients with ARDS are usually treated in the intensive or critical care unit of a hospital. •急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者通常是在治疗紧张或关键重症监护病房的医院。 The main treatment is giving extra oxygen to raise the amount of oxygen breathed in above that of normal air so that the oxygen blood levels are safe.主要的治疗是给予额外的氧气，提高金额的氧气呼吸在高于正常的空气，使氧血液是安全的。 This can sometimes be done with a face mask but often a breathing machine is needed.这有时会做的面罩，但往往是呼吸机是必要的。
• Some people who survive ARDS heal quickly and recover completely in a relatively short time. •有些人谁生存急性呼吸窘迫综合征愈合快，恢复完全在相对较短的时间。 Others recover more slowly and some never recover completely.其他恢复更慢和一些从来没有完全恢复。 About 1 in 3 will die.约1 3将会死亡。
• Anyone in the hospital for a long time can get complications. •任何人在医院很长一段时间可以并发症。 Common complications in ARDS patients are infections with hospital-acquired bacteria and air leaks into other body spaces.常见并发症的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的感染与医院获得性细菌及空气泄漏到其他机构的空间。
• Although you may feel very helpless, there are things family member and friends can do to help. •虽然您可能会觉得很无助，也出现了一些家庭成员和朋友能够帮助。
Source: National Institutes of Health资料来源：美国国立卫生研究院
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