Arthritis of the Shoulder 关节炎的肩
Arthritis is a degenerative disease caused by either wear and tear of the cartilage (osteoarthritis) or an inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis) of one or more joints.关节炎是一种退行性疾病所造成的任何磨损的软骨（骨）或炎症（类风湿关节炎）的一个或多个关节。 Arthritis not only affects joints, it may also affect supporting structures such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments.关节炎不仅影响到关节，它也可能影响支撑结构，如肌肉，肌腱，以及韧带。
 Diagnosis 诊断
The usual signs of arthritis of the shoulder are pain, particularly over the AC joint, and a decrease in shoulder motion.通常的迹象关节炎的肩膀都痛，尤其是交流的联合，并减少肩部的动议。 A doctor may suspect the patient has arthritis when there is both pain and swelling in the joint.医生可能会怀疑病人有关节炎时，既疼痛和肿胀的关节。 The diagnosis may be confirmed by a physical examination and x-rays.诊断可能是证实了身体检查和X射线。 Blood tests may be helpful for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, but other tests may be needed as well.血液检查可以帮助诊断类风湿关节炎，但其他试验可能需要的。 Analysis of synovial fluid from the shoulder joint may be helpful in diagnosing some kinds of arthritis.分析滑液从肩关节可能有助于诊断某些类型的关节炎。 Although arthroscopy permits direct visualization of damage to cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, and may confirm a diagnosis, it is usually done only if a repair procedure is to be performed.虽然关节镜直视许可证损害关节软骨，肌腱，以及韧带，并可以确认诊断，它通常是只有当一个修复程序是要执行。
 Treatment 治疗
Most often osteoarthritis of the shoulder is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or cox-2 inhibitors.最常见的骨性关节炎的肩膀是治疗非甾体抗炎药，如阿司匹林，布洛芬，或COX - 2抑制剂。 (Rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder may require physical therapy and additional medicine, such as corticosteroids.) When non-operative treatment of arthritis of the shoulder fails to relieve pain or improve function, or when there is severe wear and tear of the joint causing parts to loosen and move out of place, shoulder joint replacement (arthroplasty) may provide better results. （类风湿关节炎的肩可能需要物理治疗和额外的药品，如类固醇。 ）当非手术治疗关节炎的肩膀不能缓解疼痛或改善功能，或当有严重磨损的联合造成部分放宽和迁出地，肩膀关节置换术（置换）可能会提供更好的结果。 In this operation, a surgeon replaces the shoulder joint with an artificial ball for the top of the humerus and a cap (glenoid) for the scapula.在这次行动中，一名外科医生取代了肩关节的人工球顶部的肱骨和帽子（盂）的肩胛骨。 Passive shoulder exercises (where someone else moves the arm to rotate the shoulder joint) are started soon after surgery.被动承担演习（如别人的手臂动作旋转肩关节）是开始后不久手术。 Patients begin exercising on their own about 3 to 6 weeks after surgery.患者开始行使自己的约3至6周后手术。 Eventually, stretching and strengthening exercises become a major part of the rehabilitation program.最后，延伸和加强演习成为一个主要组成部分的康复计划。 The success of the operation often depends on the condition of rotator cuff muscles prior to surgery and the degree to which the patient follows the exercise program.这次行动的成功往往取决于条件肩袖肌肉手术之前和在何种程度上病人如下行使程序。
If you receive a shoulder injury, here's what you can do:如果您收到了肩伤，这里就是你可以做：
RICE = Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation 水稻 =休息，冰，压缩，并高程
Rest --Reduce or stop using the injured area for 48 hours. 休息 -减少或停止使用受伤的区域4 8小时。
Ice --Put an ice pack on the injured area for 20 minutes at a time, 4 to 8 times per day. 冰 -把冰袋的受伤面积在2 0分钟的时间， 4至8倍每天。 Use a cold pack, ice bag, or a plastic bag filled with crushed ice that has been wrapped in a towel.使用冷包，冰袋，或一个塑料袋装满碎石冰已经裹在一条毛巾。
Compression --Compression may help reduce the swelling. 压缩-压缩可能有助于减少肿胀。 Compress the area with bandages, such as an elastic wrap, to help stabilize the shoulder.压缩的地区绷带，如弹性总结，以帮助稳定的肩膀。
Elevation --Keep the injured area elevated above the level of the heart. 高程 -让受伤的高架上述地区一级的心。 Use a pillow to help elevate the injury.利用一个枕头，以帮助提高伤害。
If pain and stiffness persist, see a doctor.如果疼痛和僵硬存在，去看医生。
Source: The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases资料来源：国立关节炎，肌肉骨骼和皮肤疾病
Last reviewed: May 2001最后审查： 2001年5月 |
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Arthritis of the Shoulder 关节炎的肩 
