Cytomegalovirus Infections 巨细胞病毒感染
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very common virus that infects approximately one-half of all young adults in the United States.巨细胞病毒（ CMV ）是一种非常常见的病毒感染，大约有一半的年轻人在美国。 It rarely causes serious consequences except in people with suppressed or impaired immune systems or in infants, whose immune systems are still developing.它很少造成严重后果的，除非人们抑制或免疫系统受损，或在婴幼儿，其免疫系统仍在发展。 The virus, a member of the herpes virus family, is found in saliva, urine, and other bodily fluids.该病毒的成员，疱疹病毒家族中发现唾液，尿液，和其他体液。 Because it is often found in semen as well as in cervical secretions, the virus can be spread by sexual contact; it also can be easily spread by other forms of physical contact such as kissing.因为它往往是发现精液中以及在宫颈分泌物，该病毒可以传播的性接触，还可以很容易传播的其他形式的身体接触，如接吻。 Day-care center staff for children under the age of 3 are at increased risk of CMV infection and should carefully wash their hands after changing diapers.日托中心的工作人员岁以下的儿童在3风险增加巨细胞病毒感染，应认真洗手后，换尿布。 Like other herpes virus infections, CMV is incurable; people are infected with it for life.象其他疱疹病毒感染，巨细胞病毒是无法治愈的;人感染了它的生命。 Although the virus usually remains in an inactive state, it can reactivate from time to time.虽然该病毒通常仍然无效状态，它可以重新启动时有发生。
Symptoms 症状
In healthy adults, CMV usually produces no symptoms of infection.在健康的成年人，巨细胞病毒通常不产生任何感染症状。 Occasionally, however, mild symptoms of swollen lymph glands, fever, and fatigue may occur.有时候，然而，轻度症状的淋巴腺肿大，发烧，疲劳，可能会发生。 These symptoms may be similar to those of infectious mononucleosis.这些症状可能类似传染性单核细胞增多。
Diagnosis 诊断
The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test is commonly used to detect levels of antibodies (disease-fighting proteins of the immune system) in the blood.在酶联免疫吸附法（酶联免疫吸附试验）测试是常用的检测水平的抗体（战胜疾病的蛋白质的免疫系统）在血液中。 A number of other blood tests can suggest a diagnosis of CMV infection, but no blood test can reliably diagnose it.其他一些血液检查可以显示诊断巨细胞病毒感染，但没有血液测试能够可靠地诊断。 Although CMV can be isolated from urine or other body fluids, it may be excreted months or years after an infection; therefore, isolation of the virus from these fluids is not a reliable method of diagnosing recent infection.虽然病毒可以分离出尿液或其他体液，可排出的几个月或几年后感染，因此，孤立的病毒从这些液体，并不是一个可靠的诊断方法，最近的感染。
Complications 并发症
Babies can be infected with CMV in the uterus if their mothers become infected with the virus or develop a recurrence of a previous infection during pregnancy.婴儿可感染巨细胞病毒在子宫，如果他们的母亲感染该病毒，或制定一个复发的前怀孕期间感染。 Although most babies infected with CMV before birth do not develop any symptoms, CMV is the leading cause of congenital infection in the United States.虽然大多数的婴儿感染巨细胞病毒在出生之前就没有制定任何症状，病毒是导致先天性感染在美国。 An estimated 6,000 babies each year develop life-threatening complications of congenital CMV infection at birth or suffer serious consequences later in life, including mental retardation, blindness, deafness, or epilepsy.据估计， 6000婴儿，每年制定危及生命的并发症先天性巨细胞病毒感染或出生时患有严重的后果以后的生活中，包括智力迟钝，失明，耳聋，或癫痫。 Investigators supported by NIAID are currently studying how the virus interferes with normal fetal development and at which stages the fetus is most susceptible to infection.调查NIAID的支持下目前正在研究如何病毒干扰正常胚胎发育在胎儿阶段是最容易受到感染。 Congenital CMV is the most common cause of progressive deafness in children.先天性巨细胞病毒是最常见的原因逐渐失聪儿童。
When CMV is acquired after birth, or if it reactivates, it can be life-threatening for persons with suppressed immune systems, such as those receiving chemotherapy or persons who have received immunosuppressant drugs for organ transplantation.当巨细胞病毒是婴儿出生后获得的，或者重新启动，可危及生命的人与抑制免疫系统，如接受化疗或个人谁收到了免疫抑制剂药物用于器官移植。 Persons with HIV infection or AIDS may develop severe CMV infections, including CMV retinitis, an eye disease that can lead to blindness.人感染了艾滋病毒或艾滋病患者可能发展严重巨细胞病毒感染，包括巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎，眼疾病，可导致失明。
Treatment 治疗
NIAID scientists are testing new antiviral drugs that might be effective against CMV infections. NIAID的科学家们正在试验新的抗病毒药物，可有效对付病毒的感染。 The antiviral drugs foscarnet and ganciclovir have been approved for treating people with AIDS-associated CMV retinitis.抗病毒药物更昔洛韦膦和已批准用于治疗人与艾滋病有关的巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎。
 Prevention 预防
There is no intervention to prevent CMV.没有任何干预，以防止病毒。 Use of the male condom may reduce risk although virus in the saliva would be transmitted by kissing or oral intercourse.使用男用避孕套可能降低风险虽然病毒在唾液将转交由接吻或口腔性交。 Some experts believe that primary or first-time exposure during pregnancy is a major cause of CMV infection in newborns.一些专家认为，主要还是第一次暴露在怀孕期间是一个重要的原因巨细胞病毒感染新生儿。 Infants infected before or just after birth are likely to be shedding CMV in saliva and urine, which can infect others.婴幼儿感染前或出生后只是有可能被脱落巨细胞病毒在唾液和尿液，它可以传染给其它人。 Hand washing and proper handling of diapers may reduce risk.洗手，并妥善处理好尿布可以减少风险。 Scientists are working to develop a vaccine and other methods to provide immunity to CMV and offer protection against severe disease.科学家们正致力于开发一种疫苗及其他方法，以提供病毒的免疫力，并提供保护，防止严重的疾病。
SOURCE: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases资料来源：美国国立过敏和传染病
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Cytomegalovirus Infections 巨细胞病毒感染 
