Encephalitis and Meningitis 脑炎和脑膜炎
 Encephalitis and meningitis are inflammatory diseases of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and are caused by bacterial or viral infections.脑炎和脑膜炎是炎症性疾病的膜包住大脑和脊髓和所造成的细菌或病毒感染。 Viral meningitis is sometimes called aseptic meningitis to indicate it is not the result of bacterial infection and cannot be treated with antibiotics.病毒性脑膜炎有时被称为无菌性脑膜炎，以表明它不是由于细菌感染，不能用抗生素治疗。 Symptoms of encephalitis include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, heightened sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, confusion and impaired judgment, drowsiness, weak muscles, a clumsy and unsteady gait, and irritability.脑炎的症状包括突然发烧，头痛，呕吐，高度敏感性轻，颈部僵直和背部，混乱和判断力，嗜睡，肌肉薄弱，笨拙和步态不稳，以及易怒。 Symptoms that might require emergency treatment include loss of consciousness, seizures, muscle weakness, or sudden severe dementia.症状，可能需要紧急治疗包括意识丧失，痉挛，肌肉无力，或突然严重痴呆症。
 Symptoms 症状
Symptoms of meningitis, which may appear suddenly, often include high fever, severe and persistent headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting.脑膜炎的症状，这可能突然出现，往往包括高烧，严重和持续性头痛，颈部僵直，恶心和呕吐。 Changes in behavior such as confusion, sleepiness, and difficulty waking up may also occur.变化的行为，如混乱，嗜睡，难以起床，也可能会发生。 In infants, symptoms of meningitis may include irritability or fatigue, lack of appetite, and fever.在婴幼儿，症状脑膜炎可能包括烦躁或疲倦，食欲不振，和发烧。 Viral meningitis usually resolves in 10 days or less, but other types of meningitis can be deadly if not treated promptly.病毒性脑膜炎通常可以解决10天以内，但其他类型的脑膜炎可致命的，如果不及时治疗。 Anyone experiencing symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis should see a doctor immediately.任何人经历的症状脑膜炎或脑炎应该看医生立即。
Is there any treatment? 是否有任何治疗？
Antiviral medications may be prescribed for herpes encephalitis or other severe viral infections.抗病毒的药物可予订明的单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎或以其他方式严重病毒感染。 Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.抗生素可予订明的细菌感染。 Anticonvulsants are used to prevent or treat seizures.抗癫痫药是用来预防或治疗癫痫发作。 Corticosteroids are used to reduce brain swelling and inflammation.皮质类固醇是用来降低脑肿胀和炎症。 Sedatives may be needed for irritability or restlessness.镇静剂可能需要烦躁或不安。 Over-the-counter medications may be used for fever and headache.柜台药物可用于发烧和头痛。 Individuals with encephalitis or bacterial meningitis are usually hospitalized for treatment.个人脑炎或细菌性脑膜炎通常是住院接受治疗。
What is the prognosis? 什么是预后？
The prognosis for encephalitis varies.在脑炎预后各不相同。 Some cases are mild, short and relatively benign and patients have full recovery.有些案件是温和，短期和相对良性和患者完全康复。 Other cases are severe, and permanent impairment or death is possible.其他案件是严重的和永久的损伤或死亡是可能的。 The acute phase of encephalitis may last for 1 to 2 weeks, with gradual or sudden resolution of fever and neurological symptoms.急性期脑炎可能持续1至2周，逐渐或突然出现发烧的决议和神经系统症状。 Neurological symptoms may require many months before full recovery.神经系统症状可能需要许多个月前完全康复。 With early diagnosis and prompt treatment, most patients recover from meningitis.早期诊断和及时治疗，大部分病人恢复性脑膜炎。 However, in some cases, the disease progresses so rapidly that death occurs during the first 48 hours, despite early treatment.然而，在某些情况下，病情的发展如此迅速，死亡发生在第一个48小时，尽管早期治疗。
SOURCE: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke资料来源：国立神经紊乱和中风 |
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Encephalitis and Meningitis 脑炎和脑膜炎 
