Items Tagged With Bladder Cancer项目标记膀胱癌

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer 卡介苗（卡介苗）膀胱癌
Written By: Administrator 撰稿：管理员
Section: Cancer 科：癌症
Category: Bladder Cancer 类别：膀胱癌
2008-01-27 12:25:18 08年1月27号十二点25分18秒

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer卡介苗（卡介苗）膀胱癌

BCG 卡介苗 BCG Side Effects 卡介苗副作用 Bacillus CalmetteGuerin 芽孢杆菌CalmetteGuerin Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌 Side Effects 副作用

Bladder Cancer - Home Treatment 膀胱癌-家庭治疗
Written By: Administrator 撰稿：管理员
Section: Health AZ 科：卫生宰
Category: Bladder Cancer 类别：膀胱癌
2007-11-28 13:16:27 2007年11月28号13点16分27秒

If you are receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy to treat any stage of bladder cancer, you can use home treatment to help manage the side effects that may be caused by these treatments.如果你正在接受放射治疗或化疗治疗的任何阶段，膀胱癌，您可以使用家庭治疗，以帮助管理的副作用可能造成的这些治疗方法。 Home treatment may be all that is needed to manage the common problems listed below.家庭治疗可一切必要管理的共同问题列在了下面。 If your health professional has given you instructions or medications to treat these symptoms, be sure to follow them.如果您的卫生专业已经给你指示或药物治疗这些症状，一定要跟随他们。 In general, healthy habits such as eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep and exercise can help control your symptoms.一般来说，健康的习惯，如吃了均衡饮食和足够的睡眠和运动可以帮助控制您的症状。

• Home treatment for nausea or vomiting includes watching for and treating early signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, sticky saliva, and reduced urine output with dark yellow urine.家庭治疗恶心，呕吐包括观察和治疗早期脱水迹象，如口干，粘性唾液，并减少尿量与暗黄色的尿液。 Older adults can quickly become dehydrated from vomiting.老年人可以迅速脱水成为从呕吐等症状。 For more information on how to deal with these side effects, see:欲了解更多有关如何处理这些副作用，见：

  Controlling nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.控制恶心和呕吐所造成的化疗。

• Home treatment for diarrhea includes resting your stomach and being alert for signs of dehydration.家庭治疗腹泻包括休息您的胃和警惕的迹象脱水。 Check with your health professional before using any nonprescription medications for your diarrhea.请与您的健康专业才能使用任何非处方药的腹泻。 Be sure to drink enough fluids.一定要喝足够的液体。
• Home treatment for constipation includes ensuring that you drink enough fluids and eat fruits, vegetables, and fiber in your diet each day.家庭治疗便秘包括确保您喝足够的液体和吃水果，蔬菜和纤维饮食中的每一天。 Do not use a laxative without consulting your health professional.不要使用泻药未经咨询您的保健专业。

Other issues that may arise include:其他可能出现的问题包括：

• Sleep problems.睡眠问题。 If you have trouble sleeping, some tips for managing sleep problems may be helpful, such as having a regular bedtime, getting some exercise during the day, and avoiding naps.如果你有失眠，一些秘诀来管理睡眠问题可能会有所帮助，例如有一个经常睡觉，让一些工作在白天，避免午睡习惯。
• Fatigue.疲劳。 If you lack energy and become weak easily, try measures to help your fatigue, which include getting extra rest, eating a balanced diet, and reducing your stress.如果你缺乏能源，并成为薄弱容易，尝试采取措施，帮助您的疲劳，其中包括获得额外的休息，饮食均衡饮食，并减少你的压力。
• Hair loss.脱发。 Hair loss may be unavoidable, but you can decrease irritation of your scalp by using mild shampoos and avoiding damaging hair products.脱发可能是不可避免的，但你可以减少刺激你的头皮用温和的洗发水，并避免伤害头发的产品。
• Body image and sexuality problems.身体形象和性行为的问题。 Sexual problems can be caused by physical or psychological factors related to the cancer or its treatment.性问题都可以造成身体或心理因素有关的癌症或其治疗。 You may experience less sexual pleasure or lose your desire to be sexually intimate.您可能会遇到不到性快感或失去您的愿望是亲密性。
  • Women who have their bladder removed (radical cystectomy) will also have their ovaries and uterus removed.妇女谁有其膀胱删除（根治术）也将其卵巢癌和子宫移除。 They cannot become pregnant and may experience menopause soon after having the cystectomy.他们不能成为孕妇和可能遇到的更年期后不久有术。
  • Men who have their prostate glands and seminal vesicles removed may have erection problems and will no longer produce semen.男子谁有其前列腺腺体和精囊拆除可能有勃起问题，将不再产生精液。

Many people with bladder cancer face emotional issues as a result of their disease or its treatment.许多人膀胱癌面对感情问题由于他们的疾病或治疗。

• It is stressful to find out that you have cancer and to undergo treatment.这是压力，找出你得癌症，并接受治疗。 Managing stress may include expressing your feelings to others.总经理应力可能包括对你的感情给他人。 Learning relaxation techniques may also be helpful.学习放松技巧也可能是有益的。 Relaxation techniques, such as meditation, and support groups may be helpful.松弛技术，如冥想，和支持团体可能会有所帮助。
• Your feelings about your body may change following treatment for cancer.您的感受你的身体可能会改变以下治疗癌症的药物。 Managing body image issues may involve talking openly about your concerns with your partner, and discussing your feelings with your health professional.管理机构的形象问题，可能涉及公开谈论有关您的关注与您的合作伙伴，并讨论你的感情与您的保健专业。 Your health professional may also be able to refer you to organizations that can offer additional support and information.您的健康专业也可以请你们的组织可以提供更多的支持和信息。

Bladder Cancer - Medications 膀胱癌-药品
Written By: Administrator 撰稿：管理员
Section: Health AZ 科：卫生宰
Category: Bladder Cancer 类别：膀胱癌
2007-11-28 13:16:27 2007年11月28号13点16分27秒

Medications may be used to control the growth of bladder cancer cells and to relieve symptoms.药物可用于控制生长的膀胱癌细胞和缓解症状。 Chemotherapy uses medications to destroy cancer cells.使用化疗药物摧毁癌细胞。 Biological therapy boosts or restores your body's immune response to destroy cancer cells.生物疗法提高或恢复身体的免疫反应来摧毁癌细胞。

Medication Choices用药选择

Chemotherapy may be taken by mouth (orally), injected into a vein (intravenous, or IV), or put into the bladder through a urinary catheter (intravesically).化疗可能采取的嘴（口头） ，注入静脉（静脉注射，或四） ，或放入膀胱通过导尿管（ intravesically ） 。 Chemotherapy can kill cancer cells both inside and outside the bladder area.化疗可以杀死癌细胞内外的膀胱地区。

Medications through a vein (IV)药物通过静脉（四）

• M-VAC is a combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin.的M -醋酸乙烯酯是一种结合甲氨蝶呤，长春碱，阿霉素，顺铂。 Methotrexate slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in the body and is frequently used in combination with other chemotherapy medications.甲氨蝶呤放慢或停止生长的癌细胞在体内是经常使用的与其他化疗药物。 Cisplatin is a heavy metal that causes cell death by interfering with the multiplication of cancer cells.顺铂是一种重金属，导致细胞死亡的干扰繁殖的癌细胞。
• Gemcitabine is an antitumor medication that interferes with how cells divide and stops the growth of the cancer cells.吉西他滨是一种抗癌药物如何干扰细胞分裂，停止生长的癌细胞。 It is often combined with another drug called cisplatin for treating bladder cancer.它往往是结合其他药物顺铂治疗膀胱癌。
• Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic medication.阿霉素是蒽环类抗生素药物。 Epirubicin and valrubicin are also anthracycline antibiotics that may be used.表阿霉素和valrubicin也蒽环类抗生素可用于。
• Paclitaxel or carboplatin are antitumor medications that slow or stop the growth of cancer cells in the body.紫杉醇或卡铂的抗癌药物缓慢或停止生长的癌细胞在体内。

Medications through a catheter into the bladder药物通过导管进入膀胱

• Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) may stimulate an immune response or inflammation in the bladder wall to destroy cancer cells within the bladder.卡介苗（卡介苗）可刺激免疫反应或炎症的膀胱壁摧毁癌细胞膀胱内。 This is known as biological therapy.这就是所谓的生物治疗。
• Mitomycin C is an antitumor antibiotic that interferes with the multiplication of cancer cells.丝裂霉素C是一种抗肿瘤抗生素的干扰繁殖的癌细胞。 When administered directly into the bladder, mitomycin may help prevent the recurrence of bladder cancer.当直接管理到膀胱，丝裂霉素C可能有助于预防复发的膀胱癌。

What To Think About什么思考

Medications, alone or in combination, may be delivered directly into the bladder using a catheter (intravesically).药物治疗，单独或联合，可直接传送到膀胱使用导管（ intravesically ） 。

Adjuvant chemotherapy may be used with transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder.辅助化疗可使用经尿道（手术）的膀胱。 Chemotherapy is also used when cancer cannot be controlled with surgery.化疗是癌症时使用的是无法控制的手术。

Most chemotherapy causes some side effects.大多数化疗引起一些副作用。 Home treatment may be all that is needed to manage your symptoms.家庭治疗可一切必要来管理您的症状。 If your health professional has given you instructions or medications to treat your symptoms, be sure to follow them.如果您的卫生专业已经给你指示或药物治疗的症状，一定要跟随他们。 In general, healthy habits such as eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep and exercise can help control your symptoms.一般来说，健康的习惯，如吃了均衡饮食和足够的睡眠和运动可以帮助控制您的症状。

Clinical trials of other medications, such as interferon or chemotherapy before surgery (neoadjuvant), are ongoing.临床试验的其他药物，如干扰素，或在手术前化疗（新辅助） ，正在进行中。 Ask your doctor about participating in a clinical trial.询问您的医生约参加了临床试验。

Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌 Bladder Cancer Medications 膀胱癌药物

Bladder Cancer - Other Treatment 膀胱癌-其他待遇
Written By: Administrator 撰稿：管理员
Section: Cancer 科：癌症
Category: Bladder Cancer 类别：膀胱癌
2008-01-12 18:45:13 2008年1月十二日十八时45分13秒

Radiation treatment for bladder cancer uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.放射治疗膀胱癌采用高能量的X射线来杀死癌细胞和缩小肿瘤。 External beam radiation comes from a machine outside the body.体外辐射来自于一台机器以外的机构。 The machine aims radiation at the area where the cancer cells are found.这台机器上的目标是辐射的地区，癌症细胞被发现。

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being studied as a treatment for bladder cancer.光动力疗法（ PDT ）正在研究作为一种治疗膀胱癌。 PDT uses laser light and a special light-activated substance (Photofrin) to kill cancer cells.光动力疗法使用激光和特殊光激活物质（光敏剂） ，以杀死癌细胞。 Results of early studies with photosensitizers show that PDT may be effective in treating recurrent superficial bladder cancer. ^{8, 14} Until all the drug is out of the body, the skin can get a sort of sunburn after even short exposures to light.结果与早期研究表明，光敏剂光动力疗法可有效治疗复发性浅表性膀胱癌。 ^{8日， 14日}之前所有的药物是不可能的身体，皮肤能的某种晒伤后，即使短期暴露在光。 This can last several weeks. ¹⁵这可以过去几个星期。 ¹⁵

Other Treatment Choices其他治疗选择

Radiation treatment uses high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.放射治疗使用高剂量的X射线来杀死癌细胞和缩小肿瘤。 It may be used before or after surgery.它可用于之前或之后手术。 Radiation therapy also may be used if a person with bladder cancer cannot have surgery.放射治疗也可用于如果一个人膀胱癌无法手术。 Radiation therapy also may be used as palliative care to shrink tumors or relieve pain.放射治疗也有可能被用来作为姑息治疗缩小肿瘤或减轻痛苦。

What To Think About什么思考

Some people with bladder cancer may be interested in participating in research studies called clinical trials.有些人膀胱癌可能有兴趣参与研究所谓的临床试验。 Clinical trials are designed to find better ways to treat cancer patients and are based on the most up-to-date information.临床试验的目的是找到更好的方法来治疗癌症患者，是基于最先进的，最新的信息。 People who do not want standard treatments or who are not cured using standard treatments may want to participate in clinical trials.人谁不想标准疗法或谁没有治愈使用标准疗法可能要参加临床试验。 These are ongoing in most parts of the United States and in some other countries for people with all stages of bladder cancer.这些都是目前在非洲的大部分地区，美国和一些其他国家的人的所有阶段膀胱癌。

The combination of conventional medical treatment and complementary medicine is an approach that is sometimes termed integrative medicine, in which conventional and complementary therapies work together for the best outcome.结合常规医疗及辅助医学是一种方法，有时被称为西医结合，其中常规和辅助疗法共同努力，争取最好的结果。

Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌 Other Treatment 其他待遇

Bladder Cancer - Other Treatment 膀胱癌-其他待遇
Written By: Administrator 撰稿：管理员
Section: Health AZ 科：卫生宰
Category: Bladder Cancer 类别：膀胱癌
2007-11-28 13:16:27 2007年11月28号13点16分27秒

Radiation treatment for bladder cancer uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.放射治疗膀胱癌采用高能量的X射线来杀死癌细胞和缩小肿瘤。 External beam radiation comes from a machine outside the body.体外辐射来自于一台机器以外的机构。 The machine aims radiation at the area where the cancer cells are found.这台机器上的目标是辐射的地区，癌症细胞被发现。

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being studied as a treatment for bladder cancer.光动力疗法（ PDT ）正在研究作为一种治疗膀胱癌。 PDT uses laser light and a special light-activated substance (Photofrin) to kill cancer cells.光动力疗法使用激光和特殊光激活物质（光敏剂） ，以杀死癌细胞。 Results of early studies with photosensitizers show that PDT may be effective in treating recurrent superficial bladder cancer. ^{8, 14} Until all the drug is out of the body, the skin can get a sort of sunburn after even short exposures to light.结果与早期研究表明，光敏剂光动力疗法可有效治疗复发性浅表性膀胱癌。 ^{8日， 14日}之前所有的药物是不可能的身体，皮肤能的某种晒伤后，即使短期暴露在光。 This can last several weeks. ¹⁵这可以过去几个星期。 ¹⁵

Other Treatment Choices其他治疗选择

Radiation treatment uses high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.放射治疗使用高剂量的X射线来杀死癌细胞和缩小肿瘤。 It may be used before or after surgery.它可用于之前或之后手术。 Radiation therapy also may be used if a person with