Items Tagged With kidney failure symptoms项目标记肾功能衰竭症状

Chronic kidney disease is caused by damage to the kidneys.慢性肾脏病所造成的损害肾脏。 By far the most common causes of this damage are:迄今为止，最常见的原因这种损害是：

• High blood pressure.血压高。
• High blood sugar (diabetes).高血糖（糖尿病） 。

Other things that can lead to chronic kidney disease include:其他的东西，可导致慢性肾脏疾病包括：

• Kidney diseases and infections, such as polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, and glomerulonephritis, or a kidney problem you were born with.肾脏疾病和感染，如多囊肾，肾盂肾炎和肾小球肾炎，肾或问题，你出生的。
• A narrowed or blocked renal artery.缩小或阻止肾动脉。 The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys.肾动脉进行血液的肾脏。
• An enlarged prostate gland, kidney stones, or a tumor that keeps urine from flowing out of the kidneys.扩大后的前列腺，肾结石，或肿瘤，使尿液从流出的肾脏。
• Lead poisoning.铅中毒。
• Long-term use of medicines that can damage the kidneys.长期使用药物可损害肾脏。 Examples include pain medicines, like acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) and ibuprofen (such as Advil), and certain antibiotics.例子包括：疼痛的药物，如对乙酰氨基酚（如泰诺）和布洛芬（如布洛芬） ，和某些抗生素。

What are the symptoms?有哪些症状？

You may start to have symptoms only a few months after your kidneys begin to fail.您可能会开始有症状仅过了几个月后，你的肾脏开始要失败的。 But most people do not have symptoms early on.但大多数人没有早期症状。 In fact, many do not have symptoms for as long as 30 years or more.事实上，许多没有症状，只要30年或更长时间。 This is called the "silent" phase of the disease.这就是所谓的“沉默”阶段的疾病。

How well your kidneys work is called kidney function.如何以及你的肾脏的工作是所谓的肾功能。 As your kidney function gets worse, you may:当您的肾功能恶化，您可以：

• Urinate less than normal.小便较正常少。
• Have swelling from fluid buildup in your tissues.从已经肿胀液积聚在您的组织。 This is called edema (say "ih-DEE-muh").这就是所谓的水肿（说： “琦君有影响木” ） 。
• Feel very tired or sleepy.感到非常疲劳或困倦。
• Not feel hungry, or you may lose weight without trying.不觉得饿了，或者您可能减肥没有尝试。
• Often feel sick to your stomach (nauseated) or vomit.常常感到不适，请您的胃（呕吐）或呕吐。
• Have trouble sleeping.遇到问题睡。
• Have headaches or trouble thinking clearly.有头痛或麻烦思维清楚。

How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?如何慢性肾脏疾病诊断？

Your doctor will do blood and urine tests to help find out how well your kidneys are working.您的医生将做血液和尿液测试，以帮助了解您的肾脏工作。 These tests can show signs of kidney disease and anemia.这些试验可以显示出肾脏疾病和贫血。 (You can get anemia from having damaged kidneys.) You may have other tests to help rule out other problems that could cause your symptoms. （您可以从性贫血有损坏肾脏。 ）您可能有其他测试，以帮助排除其他问题，可能导致你的症状。

Your doctor will ask questions about any past kidney problems, whether you have a family history of kidney disease, and what medicines you take-both prescription and over-the-counter drugs.您的医生将询问任何过去的肾脏有问题，你是否有家族病史的肾脏病，什么药你，无论是处方药和非处方药。

You may have a test that lets your doctor look at a picture of your kidneys, such as an ultrasound or CT scan.您可能有一个试验，让你的医生看的图片你的肾脏，如超声或CT扫描。 These tests can help your doctor measure the size of your kidneys, estimate blood flow to the kidneys, and see if urine flow is blocked.这些试验可以帮助你的医生衡量大小的肾脏，估计血流量的肾脏，看看尿流受阻。 In some cases, your doctor may take a tiny sample of kidney tissue (biopsy) to help find out what caused your kidney disease.在某些情况下，你的医生可以采取一个小样本，肾组织（活检） ，以帮助找出造成您的肾脏疾病。

How is it treated?如何治疗？

Chronic kidney disease is usually caused by another condition.慢性肾脏疾病通常是由另一条件。 So the first step is to treat the disease that is causing kidney damage.因此，第一步是治疗疾病，这种疾病是造成肾脏损害。

Diabetes and high blood pressure cause most cases of chronic kidney disease.糖尿病和血压高导致大多数情况下，慢性肾脏疾病。 If you keep your blood pressure and blood sugar near normal, you may be able to slow or stop the damage to your kidneys.如果您让您的血压和血糖接近正常，您可以放慢或停止损害你的肾脏。 Losing weight and getting more exercise can help.减肥，以及让更多的锻炼可以帮助。 You may also need to take medicines.您可能还需要吃药。

Kidney disease is a complex problem.肾脏病是一个复杂的问题。 You will probably need to take a number of medicines and have many tests.您可能需要采取一些药品和有许多考验。 To stay as healthy as possible, work closely with your doctor.为了保持健康的可能，密切合作，您的医生。 Go to all your appointments, and take your medicines just the way your doctor says to.转到您所有的约会，您的药品采取合理的方式你的医生说，对。

Lifestyle changes are an important part of your treatment.改变生活方式的一个重要组成部分的待遇。 Taking these steps can help slow down kidney disease and reduce your symptoms.采取这些步骤，可以帮助减缓肾脏疾病和降低您的症状。 They may also help with high blood pressure, diabetes, and other problems that make kidney disease worse.他们还可以帮助血压高，糖尿病和其它问题，使肾脏病恶化。

• Follow a diet that is easy on your kidneys.后续的饮食，方便您的肾脏。 A dietitian can help you make an eating plan with the right amounts of salt (sodium) and protein.阿营养师可以帮助您作出的进食计划的权利大量的盐（氯化钠）和蛋白质。 You may also need to watch how much fluid you drink each day.您可能还需要多少看你喝流体每一天。
• Get some exercise every day.获得一些行使每天。 Work with your doctor to design an exercise program that is right for you.与您的医生工作设计的程序是正确的你。
• Do not smoke or use tobacco.不要吸烟或使用烟草。
• Do not drink alcohol.不要喝酒。

Always talk to your doctor before you take any new medicine, including over-the-counter remedies, prescription drugs, vitamins, or herbs.总是谈论你的医生，然后再采取任何新的药品，包括柜台的补救措施，处方药，维生素，或草药。 Some of these can hurt your kidneys.其中的一些可能伤害你的肾脏。

What happens if my kidney disease gets worse?会怎么样如果我的肾脏疾病恶化？

When kidney function falls below a certain point, it is called kidney failure.当肾功能低于某一点，这是所谓的肾功能衰竭。 Kidney failure affects your whole body.肾功能衰竭影响您的整个身体。 It can cause serious heart, bone, and brain problems and make you feel very ill.它可以导致严重的心脏，骨骼，大脑和问题，并让你感到非常生病。

Once you have kidney failure, you will probably have two choices: start dialysis or get a new kidney (transplant).一旦你肾功能衰竭，您可能有两种选择：开始透析或申请一个新肾（移植） 。 Both of these treatments have risks and benefits.这两种疗法有风险和好处。 Talk with your doctor to decide which would be best for you.跟你的医生来决定这将是最适合您。

• Dialysis is a process that filters your blood when your kidneys no longer can.透析是一个过程，你的血液过滤器时，你的肾脏再也不能。 It is not a cure, but it can help you feel better and live longer.这并不是一种治疗，但它可以帮助你感觉更好，活得更长久。
• Kidney transplant may be the best choice if you are otherwise healthy.肾移植手术可能是最佳的选择如果你是健康的。 With a new kidney, you will feel much better and will be able to live a more normal life.随着一个新的肾脏，你会感觉好了许多，将能够生活更正常的生活。 But you may have to wait for a kidney that is a good match for your blood and tissue type.但是，你可能要等待肾脏这是一个很好地匹配您的血液和组织类型。 And you will have to take medicine for the rest of your life to keep your body from rejecting the new kidney.你将不得不采取医学其余的生活使你的身体排斥新的肾脏。

Making treatment decisions when you are very ill is hard.制作处理决定当你病得很重，很难。 It is normal to be worried and afraid.这是正常的担心和害怕。 Discuss your concerns with your loved ones and your doctor.讨论您的关注与您的亲人和你的医生。 It may help to visit a dialysis center or transplant center and talk to others who have made these choices.它可以帮助访问了血液透析中心或移植中心和他人谈论谁取得了这些选择。

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