Medication continued...

Drug Category: Nasal corticosteroids

Nasal steroid sprays are highly efficacious in treating allergic rhinitis. They control the 4 major symptoms of rhinitis (ie, sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, congestion). They are effective as monotherapy, although they do not significantly affect ocular symptoms. Studies have shown nasal steroids to be more effective than monotherapy with nasal cromolyn or antihistamines. Greater benefit may occur when nasal steroids are used with other classes of medication. They are safe to use and not associated with significant systemic adverse effects in adults (this may also be true for children, but the data are less clear).

Local adverse effects are limited to minor irritation or nasal bleeding, which resolve with temporary discontinuation of the medication. Nasal septal perforations are rarely reported and are less common with the newer corticosteroids and delivery systems. Safety during pregnancy has not been established; however, clinical experience suggests nasal corticosteroids (particularly beclomethasone, which has most experience in use) are not associated with adverse fetal effects.

The nasal steroids can be used prn, but seem to be maximally effective when used on a daily basis as maintenance therapy. They may also be helpful for vasomotor rhinitis or mixed rhinitis (a combination of vasomotor and allergic rhinitis) and can help to control nasal polyps.